论文标题
太阳中微子和未来实验的地球振荡断层扫描
Oscillation tomography of the Earth with solar neutrinos and future experiments
论文作者
论文摘要
我们使用最近开发的地球3D模型详细研究了地球物质对来自太阳的硼中微子的影响。这些模型具有密度曲线的许多新特征，尤其是与球形对称性的实质性偏差。在这方面，我们进一步详细阐述了振荡的相关方面（$ε^2 $校正，违反绝热性，纠缠，{\ it等}）和衰减效果。 $νe-$和$νn-$事件的夜晚过剩，以及$ a_ {nd} $的昼夜不对称的夜晚。横截面和通量的能量依赖性改善了分辨率，因此，对轮廓的远程结构的敏感性。 $ a_ {nd} $的nadir Angle（$η$）依赖性是为未来检测器Dune，Theia，Hyper-Kamiokande和South Pole的Mica计算的。讨论了地球与硼中微子的振荡层析成像的观点。下一代探测器将建立具有较高置信水平的综合日夜不对称性。他们可以给出$η-$依赖性的一些迹象，但最多可以在$（1-2）σ$级别上区分不同模型。对于高级歧视，需要进行云母尺度实验。云母可以检测到冰土的边界并进行南极的独特层析成像。
We study in details the Earth matter effects on the boron neutrinos from the Sun using recently developed 3D models of the Earth. The models have a number of new features of the density profiles, in particular, a substantial deviation from spherical symmetry. In this connection, we further elaborate on relevant aspects of oscillations ($ε^2$ corrections, adiabaticity violation, entanglement, {\it etc.}) and the attenuation effect. The night excesses of the $νe-$ and $νN-$ events and the Day-Night asymmetries, $A_{ND}$, are presented in terms of the matter potential and the generalized energy resolution functions. The energy dependences of the cross-section and the flux improve the resolution, and consequently, sensitivity to remote structures of the profiles. The nadir angle ($η$) dependences of $A_{ND}$ are computed for future detectors DUNE, THEIA, Hyper-Kamiokande, and MICA at the South pole. Perspectives of the oscillation tomography of the Earth with the boron neutrinos are discussed. Next-generation detectors will establish the integrated day-night asymmetry with high confidence level. They can give some indications of the $η-$ dependence of the effect, but will discriminate among different models at most at the $(1 - 2)σ$ level. For high-level discrimination, the MICA-scale experiments are needed. MICA can detect the ice-soil borders and perform unique tomography of Antarctica.
