论文标题
大规模调查-XV。大型椭圆星系NGC 1453中超质量黑洞的恒星动力学测量
The MASSIVE Survey -- XV. A Stellar Dynamical Mass Measurement of the Supermassive Black Hole in Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1453
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了NGC 1453中超级质量黑洞（SMBH）的新的恒星动力学质量测量（$ M_ \ MATHRM {BH} $），这是一个大规模调查中快速旋转的大型椭圆星系。我们使用Gemini-North-North GMOS Integrall-Field-Field-Field-Field-Field-Field-Field-Field-Field-Field-Field-Field-Field光谱仪（IFS）中高信噪（$ s/n \ sim 130 $）的光谱（IFS），在中央1.5 kpc的135个空间箱中测量了135个空间箱中的恒星运动学。与Hubble太空望远镜（HST）WFC3图像中的宽阔场合IF运动运动学结合到$ \ sim 3 $有效的半径和恒星光线分布，我们执行基于Schwarzschild轨道的质量建模，以轴对称限制以限制NGC 1453中的质量成分。 \ pm 0.4）10^9 m_ \ odot $;没有中央黑洞的质量模型在$8.7σ$级别上排除在外。 NGC 1453黑洞位于SMBH和Galaxy缩放关系的固有散射中，与其他三个托管$ \ gtrsim 10^{10} m_ \ odot $ smbhs的星系不同。高$ s/n $ gmos谱使我们能够确定光速速度分布（LOSVD）的高斯 - 甲矿石扩展的8矩，这些速度分布（LOSVD）用作轨道建模中的约束。大规模模型中的恒星轨道被进一步限制，以通过$ h_ {12} $产生可忽略的$ h_9 $，以最大程度地减少LOSVD中的伪造行为。 We show that truncating the series at $h_4$, as was often done in prior work, leads to a much weaker constraint on the inferred $M_\mathrm{BH}$ for NGC 1453. Furthermore, we discuss precautions and modifications that are needed to achieve axisymmetry in triaxial orbit codes that use the Schwarzschild method to sample the start space of stellar orbits in三轴重力电位。
We present a new stellar dynamical mass measurement ($M_\mathrm{BH}$) of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in NGC 1453, a fast-rotating massive elliptical galaxy in the MASSIVE survey. We measure stellar kinematics in 135 spatial bins in the central 1.5 kpc by 2 kpc region of the galaxy using high signal-to-noise ($S/N \sim 130$) spectra from the Gemini-North GMOS integral-field spectrograph (IFS). Combining with wide-field IFS kinematics out to $\sim 3$ effective radii and stellar light distributions from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3 images, we perform Schwarzschild orbit-based mass modeling in the axisymmetric limit to constrain the mass components in NGC 1453. The best-fit black hole mass is $M_\mathrm{BH} =(2.9 \pm 0.4) 10^9 M_\odot$; the mass models without a central black hole are excluded at the $8.7σ$ level. The NGC 1453 black hole lies within the intrinsic scatter of the SMBH and galaxy scaling relations, unlike three other galaxies hosting $\gtrsim 10^{10} M_\odot$ SMBHs in the MASSIVE sample. The high-$S/N$ GMOS spectra enable us to determine 8 moments of the Gauss-Hermite expansion of the line-of-sight velocity distributions (LOSVDs), which are used as constraints in the orbit modeling. The stellar orbits in the mass models are further constrained to produce negligible $h_9$ through $h_{12}$ to minimize spurious behavior in the LOSVDs. We show that truncating the series at $h_4$, as was often done in prior work, leads to a much weaker constraint on the inferred $M_\mathrm{BH}$ for NGC 1453. Furthermore, we discuss precautions and modifications that are needed to achieve axisymmetry in triaxial orbit codes that use the Schwarzschild method to sample the start space of stellar orbits in triaxial gravitational potentials.
