论文标题

Scheil-Gulliver模拟,用于设计通过使用Pycalphad的增材制造的功能分级合金的模拟

Scheil-Gulliver simulations for the design of functionally graded alloys by additive manufacturing using pycalphad

论文作者

Bocklund, Brandon, Bobbio, Lourdes D., Otis, Richard A., Beese, Allison M., Liu, Zi-Kui

论文摘要

通过定向能量沉积,增材制造(AM)支持单个组件内的位置之间计划的组成变化,从而可以开发和制造功能分级的材料(FGM)。在AM构建过程中,沿特定组成路径的有害阶段的形成可能会引起重大的开裂,这使得成分路径无法生产这些FGM,但是通过仅分析平衡相位关系,预测在添加添加性的添加性制造部分中将存在哪些阶段。凝固过程中的溶质分离会导致形成非平衡相的形成,这些阶段在远离熔体的标称组成的组合物处稳定,从而导致裂纹形成。在这项工作中,我们开发了一种基于Pycalphad的Scheil-Gulliver模拟工具。我们使用此工具比较了在固化过程中使用Scheil-Gulliver模型在固化过程中形成的非平衡阶段,该模型与在TI-6AL-4V中的多个位置进行了实验测量的相位,与Invar-36 FGM中的不同组合物以及企业上的TI TI对INVAR-36 FGM。我们表明,Scheil-Gulliver模型预测形成的阶段优于假设平衡固化做出的预测。此外,我们证明了使用我们的Scheil-Gulliver模拟工具作为一种通过在组成空间中沿实验梯度路径沿实验梯度路径的固化相位分数来筛选潜在FGM途径的方法。

Additive manufacturing (AM), through directed energy deposition, supports planned composition changes between locations within a single component, allowing for functionally graded materials (FGMs) to be developed and fabricated. The formation of deleterious phases along a particular composition path can cause significant cracking during the AM build process that makes the composition path unviable to produce these FGMs, but it is challenging to predict which phases will be present in as-built additively manufactured parts by analyzing only equilibrium phase relations. Solute segregation during solidification can lead to the formation of non-equilibrium phases that are stable at compositions far from the nominal composition of the melt, leading to crack formation. In this work, we developed a Scheil-Gulliver simulation tool based on pycalphad. We used this tool to compare the non-equilibrium phases predicted to form during solidification using the Scheil-Gulliver model with experimentally measured phases at several locations with different composition in a Ti-6Al-4V to Invar-36 FGM and a commercially pure Ti to Invar-36 FGM. We showed that the phases predicted to form by the Scheil-Gulliver model outperform the predictions made by assuming equilibrium solidification. Further, we demonstrated the use of our Scheil-Gulliver simulation tool as a method of screening potential FGM pathways by calculating the solidification phase fractions along the experimental gradient path in composition space.

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