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In this paper, we propose an improved LPCNet vocoder using a linear prediction (LP)-structured mixture density network (MDN). The recently proposed LPCNet vocoder has successfully achieved high-quality and lightweight speech synthesis systems by combining a vocal tract LP filter with a WaveRNN-based vocal source (i.e., excitation) generator. However, the quality of synthesized speech is often unstable because the vocal source component is insufficiently represented by the mu-law quantization method, and the model is trained without considering the entire speech production mechanism. To address this problem, we first introduce LP-MDN, which enables the autoregressive neural vocoder to structurally represent the interactions between the vocal tract and vocal source components. Then, we propose to incorporate the LP-MDN to the LPCNet vocoder by replacing the conventional discretized output with continuous density distribution. The experimental results verify that the proposed system provides high quality synthetic speech by achieving a mean opinion score of 4.41 within a text-to-speech framework.