论文标题
对某些信息处理任务的自我测试，还是量子理论是最佳的量子理论？
Self-testing of physical theories, or, is quantum theory optimal with respect to some information-processing task?
论文作者
论文摘要
自我测试通常是指采用给定的一组观察到的相关性的任务，这些任务假定通过量子理论准确描述的过程，并试图推断量子状态和测量结果。换句话说，它与我们是否可以通过仅查看其输入输出行为来判断哪种量子黑盒设备在做什么问题，这是与之相关的问题。在这里，我们介绍了一个更普遍的问题：是否有可能自我测试，尤其是量子理论？更准确地说，我们询问在特定因果结构中是否有任何任务只能在任何情况下具有与量子力学相同的理论中执行的任务。我们提出了这种相关性自我测试的候选任务，并在一系列广义概率理论（GPT）中进行分析，表明这些任务均不如量子理论更好。我们的结果的概括表明，所有非量化GPT严格较低于此任务的量子力学，这将指出一种新的方法，以使量子理论化，并启用了同时排除此类GPT的实验测试。
Self-testing usually refers to the task of taking a given set of observed correlations that are assumed to arise via a process that is accurately described by quantum theory, and trying to infer the quantum state and measurements. In other words it is concerned with the question of whether we can tell what quantum black-box devices are doing by looking only at their input-output behaviour and is known to be possible in several cases. Here we introduce a more general question: is it possible to self-test a theory, and, in particular, quantum theory? More precisely, we ask whether within a particular causal structure there are tasks that can only be performed in theories that have the same correlations as quantum mechanics in any scenario. We present a candidate task for such a correlation self-test and analyse it in a range of generalised probabilistic theories (GPTs), showing that none of these perform better than quantum theory. A generalisation of our results showing that all non-quantum GPTs are strictly inferior to quantum mechanics for this task would point to a new way to axiomatise quantum theory, and enable an experimental test that simultaneously rules out such GPTs.
