论文标题
球形应变硬化胶囊悬浮液的结构和流变学
Structure and rheology of suspensions of spherical strain-hardening capsules
论文作者
论文摘要
我们使用三维数值模拟研究了稀释的剪切流动,从稀释的剪切流程中研究了应变硬化球形胶囊的流变学。我们考虑毛细血管数,体积分数和膜不延伸性对颗粒变形以及悬浮液的正常应力差异的影响。悬浮液显示出剪切的行为,这是软颗粒的特征,例如乳液液滴,囊泡,软化胶囊和红细胞。我们发现,膜不延伸性在流变学上起着重要作用,几乎可以抑制剪切粉化。对于浓缩悬浮液,观察到正常应力差异对膜不可延迟性的非单调依赖性,反映了粒子形状的相似行为。相反,有效的悬浮粘度会增长并最终饱和,以实现非常大的伸缩率,从而接近固体颗粒极限。从本质上讲,我们的结果表明,应变硬化的胶囊具有流变特征,其柔软和固体颗粒都取决于面积扩张与剪切弹性模量的比率。此外,当在体积分数的定义中引入粒子的几何变化时,悬浮粘度在毛细管数和膜不可扩展性的情况下表现出了普遍的行为。
We investigate the rheology of strain-hardening spherical capsules, from the dilute to the concentrated regime under a confined shear flow using three-dimensional numerical simulations. We consider the effect of capillary number, volume fraction and membrane inextensibility on the particle deformation and on the effective suspension viscosity and normal stress differences of the suspension. The suspension displays a shear-thinning behaviour which is a characteristic of soft particles such as emulsion droplets, vesicles, strain-softening capsules, and red blood cells. We find that the membrane inextensibility plays a significant role on the rheology and can almost suppress the shear-thinning. For concentrated suspensions a non-monotonic dependence of the normal stress differences on the membrane inextensibility is observed, reflecting a similar behaviour in the particle shape. The effective suspension viscosity, instead, grows and eventually saturates, for very large inextensibilities, approaching the solid particle limit. In essence, our results reveal that strain-hardening capsules share rheological features with both soft and solid particles depending on the ratio of the area dilatation to shear elastic modulus. Furthermore, the suspension viscosity exhibits a universal behaviour for the parameter space defined by the capillary number and the membrane inextensibility, when introducing the particle geometrical changes at the steady-state in the definition of the volume fraction.