论文标题
因果关系的发展和脱节原因
Causal Unfoldings and Disjunctive Causes
论文作者
论文摘要
在最简单的事件结构形式中,主要事件结构,事件与独特的因果历史(其主要原因)相关联。但是,事件具有分离的原因很常见,因为多个原因中的任何一个都可以启用它。有时,一组原因可能是相互排斥的,与另一个原因不一致,有时不一致,在这种情况下,它们始终存在并构成事件的平行原因。一般事件结构的既定模型可以对平行原因进行建模。然而,有时这种模型却远离了直接有用的事件的确切因果历史。例如,有时需要将概率与常见事件的不同(可能共存的,可能共存的因果历史)相关联。理想情况下,一般事件结构的因果历史将对应于其因果关系的配置,将其展开到主要事件结构。而因果发展将作为植入普通事件结构的嵌入的正确伴随。但是没有这样的邻接。但是,主要事件结构补救措施的略有扩展为这种缺陷,并提供了一种因果关系,作为一种普遍的结构。主要事件结构以等价关系扩展,以解除事件及其启用的两个角色;实际上,主要原因是由分离事件标记的,即其主要原因的等效类别。随着这种富集,合适的因果展开出现为伪右伴随。邻接批判性地依赖于极端因果实现的中心和微妙的概念,这是因果历史的实现。最后,我们探索支持并行原因的子类别,以及与平行原因开发概率分布式策略所需的关键操作。
In the simplest form of event structure, a prime event structure, an event is associated with a unique causal history, its prime cause. However, it is quite common for an event to have disjunctive causes in that it can be enabled by any one of multiple sets of causes. Sometimes the sets of causes may be mutually exclusive, inconsistent one with another, and sometimes not, in which case they coexist consistently and constitute parallel causes of the event. The established model of general event structures can model parallel causes. On occasion however such a model abstracts too far away from the precise causal histories of events to be directly useful. For example, sometimes one needs to associate probabilities with different, possibly coexisting, causal histories of a common event. Ideally, the causal histories of a general event structure would correspond to the configurations of its causal unfolding to a prime event structure; and the causal unfolding would arise as a right adjoint to the embedding of prime in general event structures. But there is no such adjunction. However, a slight extension of prime event structures remedies this defect and provides a causal unfolding as a universal construction. Prime event structures are extended with an equivalence relation in order to dissociate the two roles, that of an event and its enabling; in effect, prime causes are labelled by a disjunctive event, an equivalence class of its prime causes. With this enrichment a suitable causal unfolding appears as a pseudo right adjoint. The adjunction relies critically on the central and subtle notion of extremal causal realisation as an embodiment of causal history. Finally, we explore subcategories which support parallel causes as well the key operations needed in developing probabilistic distributed strategies with parallel causes.