论文标题

在热木星卡塔尔-1B的Spitzer相相曲线中,亮点偏移小于预期的亮点偏移

Smaller than expected bright-spot offsets in Spitzer phase curves of the hot Jupiter Qatar-1b

论文作者

Keating, Dylan, Stevenson, Kevin B., Cowan, Nicolas B., Rauscher, Emily, Bean, Jacob L., Bell, Taylor, Dang, Lisa, Deming, Drake, Désert, Jean-Michel, Feng, Y. Katherina, Fortney, Jonathan J., Kataria, Tiffany, Kempton, Eliza M. -R., Lewis, Nikole, Line, Michael R., Mansfield, Megan, May, Erin, Morley, Caroline, Showman, Adam P.

论文摘要

我们提出\ textit {spitzer}热木星卡塔尔-1b的全轨热相曲线,木星卡塔尔-1b,一个具有相同平衡温度的行星 - 以及中间的表面重力和轨道时期 - 与精心研究的行星HD 209458B和WASP-43B。我们测量二次日食为$ 0.21 \ pm 0.02 \%$ $ 3.6〜μ $ m和$ 0.30 \ pm 0.02 \%$ $ 4.5〜μ $ m,对应于$ 1542^{+32} _ {+32} _ { - 31} $ 〜K和$ 1542} $ 〜K和$ 1557}^3557^3557^^32^^^^32^^^32}^^32}^^32^^32^32^^^32^^335^^^^332与垂直等温的日子一致。各自的夜间亮度温度为$ 1117^{+76} _ { - 71} $ 〜K和$ 1167^{+69} _ { - 74} $ 〜K,这是一种趋势,即热jupiters都具有类似的夜间夜间温度。我们推断出$ 0.12 _ { - 0.16}^{+0.14} $的债券反照率和一个中等的昼夜热循环效率,类似于HD 209458B。 HD 209458B和WASP-43B的一般循环模型预测,它们的亮点应通过数十度将其亮点向东移动,并且先前用\ textIt {spitzer}全端相曲线观察证实了这些预测。同样,卡塔尔-1B的相曲线也会显示出向东的偏移。取而代之的是,观察到的相曲线与无偏移一致:$ 11^{\ circ} \ pm 7^{\ circ} $在$ 3.6〜μ $ m和$ -4^{\ circ} \ circ} \ pm 7^{\ circ} $ $ 4.5〜μm $ m。这三个相似的行星之间的循环模式的差异表明次要参数的重要性,例如旋转速率和表面重力,以及云的存在或不存在,在确定热木星的大气条件下。

We present \textit{Spitzer} full-orbit thermal phase curves of the hot Jupiter Qatar-1b, a planet with the same equilibrium temperature---and intermediate surface gravity and orbital period---as the well-studied planets HD 209458b and WASP-43b. We measure secondary eclipse of $0.21 \pm 0.02 \%$ at $3.6~μ$m and $0.30 \pm 0.02 \%$ at $4.5~μ$m, corresponding to dayside brightness temperatures of $1542^{+32}_{-31}$~K and $1557^{+35}_{-36}$~K, respectively, consistent with a vertically isothermal dayside. The respective nightside brightness temperatures are $1117^{+76}_{-71}$~K and $1167^{+69}_{-74}$~K, in line with a trend that hot Jupiters all have similar nightside temperatures. We infer a Bond albedo of $0.12_{-0.16}^{+0.14}$ and a moderate day-night heat recirculation efficiency, similar to HD 209458b. General circulation models for HD 209458b and WASP-43b predict that their bright-spots should be shifted east of the substellar point by tens of degrees, and these predictions were previously confirmed with \textit{Spitzer} full-orbit phase curve observations. The phase curves of Qatar-1b are likewise expected to exhibit eastward offsets. Instead, the observed phase curves are consistent with no offset: $11^{\circ}\pm 7^{\circ}$ at $3.6~μ$m and $-4^{\circ}\pm 7^{\circ}$ at $4.5~μ$m. The discrepancy in circulation patterns between these three otherwise similar planets points to the importance of secondary parameters like rotation rate and surface gravity, and the presence or absence of clouds, in determining atmospheric conditions on hot Jupiters.

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