论文标题
使用可用数据来通知南非的COVID-19爆发:一个案例研究
Use of Available Data To Inform The COVID-19 Outbreak in South Africa: A Case Study
论文作者
论文摘要
由SARS-COV-2病毒引起的冠状病毒病(Covid-19)被世界卫生组织(WHO)宣布为2020年2月。社会遥远的措施,包括旅行禁令,学校关闭和适用于国家或地区的隔离区,以限制疾病的传播以及对医疗保健基础设施的需求。团体和个人的隐居已导致对准确信息的访问有限。为了更新公众,尤其是在南非,卫生部长每天都会发布公告。这些公告叙述了确认的1900案例,包括对该疾病呈阳性的人的年龄,性别和旅行历史。此外,南非国家传染病研究所更新了每日信息图,总结了执行的测试数量,已确认的病例,死亡率和受影响的地区。但是,患者的年龄和有关传输的其他细微数据仅在每日公告中共享,而不是在更新的信息图中共享。为了传播这些信息,南非比勒陀利亚大学的社会影响研究小组的数据科学努力以计算机可读的方式策划和应用公开数据,以便可以使用数据存储库和仪表板共享信息。通过协作实践,与南非公共数据相关的各种挑战浮出水面。这些包括政府部门和南非公众之间的可访问性,诚信和数据管理实践的缺点。在本文中,将使用公开可用的数据存储库和仪表板作为案例研究来共享解决这些问题的解决方案。
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020. Currently, there are no vaccines or treatments that have been approved after clinical trials. Social distancing measures, including travel bans, school closure, and quarantine applied to countries or regions are being used to limit the spread of the disease and the demand on the healthcare infrastructure. The seclusion of groups and individuals has led to limited access to accurate information. To update the public, especially in South Africa, announcements are made by the minister of health daily. These announcements narrate the confirmed COVID-19 cases and include the age, gender, and travel history of people who have tested positive for the disease. Additionally, the South African National Institute for Communicable Diseases updates a daily infographic summarising the number of tests performed, confirmed cases, mortality rate, and the regions affected. However, the age of the patient and other nuanced data regarding the transmission is only shared in the daily announcements and not on the updated infographic. To disseminate this information, the Data Science for Social Impact research group at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, has worked on curating and applying publicly available data in a way that is computer-readable so that information can be shared to the public - using both a data repository and a dashboard. Through collaborative practices, a variety of challenges related to publicly available data in South Africa came to the fore. These include shortcomings in the accessibility, integrity, and data management practices between governmental departments and the South African public. In this paper, solutions to these problems will be shared by using a publicly available data repository and dashboard as a case study.