论文标题
过去的爆炸：XMM-Newton档案中X射线瞬变之间的超新星冲击突破
Blasts from the Past: Supernova Shock Breakouts among X-Ray Transients in the XMM-Newton Archive
论文作者
论文摘要
当冲击横向祖细胞表面时，释放了来自超新星（SN）的第一个电磁信号。这种冲击突破（SBO）排放提供了对祖细胞和爆炸特性的限制。从观察上讲，SBOS以微小到一个小时的X射线外X射线瞬变的形式出现。他们的检测很具有挑战性，迄今为止仅观察到一个SBO。在这里，我们搜索XMM-Newton档案馆，并找到十二个新的SBO候选人。我们以0.1-1的估计红移确定宿主星系。 SBO候选人的能量为$ {\ sim} 10^{46} $ erg，30-3000 s的时间标准，温度为0.1-1 kev。它们都与SN SBO保持一致，但是有些可能被误认为银河前景来源或其他外层状物体。来自Blue Supergiants的SBO与大多数候选人一致。但是，可能有一些是狼射线星的SBO，周围有密集的偶然媒体，而两个人自然地被称为红色超级巨人的SBO。这些观察结果暂时支持非球形SBO，并与最近三维SN爆炸模拟预测的不对称性一致。 Erosita每年可以检测到$ {\ sim} $ 2 SBO，可以在实时分析中检测到，并迅速进行跟进。
The first electromagnetic signal from a supernova (SN) is released when the shock crosses the progenitor surface. This shock breakout (SBO) emission provides constraints on progenitor and explosion properties. Observationally, SBOs appear as minute to hour-long extragalactic X-ray transients. They are challenging to detect and only one SBO has been observed to date. Here, we search the XMM-Newton archive and find twelve new SN SBO candidates. We identify host galaxies to nine of these at estimated redshifts of 0.1-1. The SBO candidates have energies of ${\sim}10^{46}$ erg, timescales of 30-3000 s, and temperatures of 0.1-1 keV. They are all consistent with being SN SBOs, but some may be misidentified Galactic foreground sources or other extragalactic objects. SBOs from blue supergiants agree well with most of the candidates. However, a few could be SBOs from Wolf-Rayet stars surrounded by dense circumstellar media, whereas two are more naturally explained as SBOs from red supergiants. The observations tentatively support non-spherical SBOs and are in agreement with asymmetries predicted by recent three-dimensional SN explosion simulations. eROSITA may detect ${\sim}$2 SBOs per year, which could be detected in live analyses and promptly followed up.
