论文标题
机器以独立的方式学习宇宙曲率
Machine Learning the Cosmic Curvature in a Model-independent Way
论文作者
论文摘要
在这项工作中，我们通过使用Hubble参数测量$ H（Z）$和类型IA Supernovae（Sne IA）来确定宇宙曲率$ω_k$以与宇宙模型无关的方式确定。在我们的分析中，使用两个非线性插值工具来重建哈勃参数，一个是人工神经网络（ANN）方法，另一种是高斯过程（GP）方法。我们发现，基于GP方法的$ω_k$可能会受到$ H_0 $的前提，而ANN方法可以克服这一点。因此，在宇宙曲率测量中，ANN方法可能比GP具有更多的优势。基于ANN方法，我们发现当前$ h（z）$和sne ia数据优选空间开放的宇宙，我们的结果与从普朗克CMB推断的值之间的差异为$1.6σ$。为了测试ANN方法的可靠性，以及在宇宙曲率测量中的未来重力波（GW）标准警报器的潜力，我们使用模型独立的方式使用模拟Hubble参数和GW标准架来限制$ω_K$。我们发现ANN方法是可靠且无偏见的，当检测到具有电磁对应物的100 GW事件时，$ω_k$的误差为$ \ sim0.186 $，这是$ \ sim56 \％$ $小于从Pantheon sne sne sne sne sne sne sne sne sne sne sne sne sne sne se。因此，基于ANN的数据驱动方法在宇宙曲率的测量中具有潜力。
In this work, we achieve the determination of the cosmic curvature $Ω_K$ in a cosmological model-independent way, by using the Hubble parameter measurements $H(z)$ and type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). In our analysis, two nonlinear interpolating tools are used to reconstruct the Hubble parameter, one is the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method, and the other is the Gaussian process (GP) method. We find that $Ω_K$ based on the GP method can be greatly influenced by the prior of $H_0$, while the ANN method can overcome this. Therefore, the ANN method may have more advantages than GP in the measurement of the cosmic curvature. Based on the ANN method, we find a spatially open universe is preferred by the current $H(z)$ and SNe Ia data, and the difference between our result and the value inferred from Planck CMB is $1.6σ$. In order to test the reliability of the ANN method, and the potentiality of the future gravitational waves (GW) standard sirens in the measurement of the cosmic curvature, we constrain $Ω_K$ using the simulated Hubble parameter and GW standard sirens in a model-independent way. We find that the ANN method is reliable and unbiased, and the error of $Ω_K$ is $\sim0.186$ when 100 GW events with electromagnetic counterparts are detected, which is $\sim56\%$ smaller than that constrained from the Pantheon SNe Ia. Therefore, the data-driven method based on ANN has potential in the measurement of the cosmic curvature.
