论文标题
现代微处理器的电气感知建筑
Electromigration-Aware Architecture for Modern Microprocessors
论文作者
论文摘要
可靠性是任何微处理器的基本要求,以确保其一生中正确执行。与可靠性相关的设计规则取决于所使用的过程技术和设备的预期操作条件。为了满足可靠性要求,高级流程技术(28 nm及以下)施加了高度挑战性的设计规则。由于它们施加的严重的身体限制,因此这种可符合性的规则已成为VLSI实施流动的重大负担。 本文着重于电气移民(EM),这是影响半导体可靠性的主要关键因素之一。 EM是播种电线和VIA的老化过程,并由电流流量过多引起,可能会损坏电线,也可能会显着影响集成电路的时钟频率。 EM对设备产生全面的全局效应,因为它会影响可能位于标准或自定义逻辑单元格内部,逻辑单元格,内存元素内部以及互连功能块的电线内的电线。 设计实施流(合成和位置和路由)当前检测到违反EM可靠性规则的行为,并试图解决这些规则。相比之下,本文提出了一种新的方法来通过使用EM-感知体系结构来增强这些流量。我们的结果表明,所提出的解决方案可以放松微处理器和多重微处理器寿命中的EM设计工作。这项工作为现代微处理器提供了这种建议的方法,尽管原理和思想也可以适应其他情况。
Reliability is a fundamental requirement in any microprocessor to guarantee correct execution over its lifetime. The design rules related to reliability depend on the process technology being used and the expected operating conditions of the device. To meet reliability requirements, advanced process technologies (28 nm and below) impose highly challenging design rules. Such design-for-reliability rules have become a major burden on the flow of VLSI implementation because of the severe physical constraints they impose. This paper focuses on electromigration (EM), which is one of the major critical factors affecting semiconductor reliability. EM is the aging process of on-die wires and vias and is induced by excessive current flow that can damage wires and may also significantly impact the integrated-circuit clock frequency. EM exerts a comprehensive global effect on devices because it impacts wires that may reside inside the standard or custom logical cells, between logical cells, inside memory elements, and within wires that interconnect functional blocks. The design-implementation flow (synthesis and place-and-route) currently detects violations of EM-reliability rules and attempts to solve them. In contrast, this paper proposes a new approach to enhance these flows by using EM-aware architecture. Our results show that the proposed solution can relax EM design efforts in microprocessors and more than double microprocessor lifetime. This work demonstrates this proposed approach for modern microprocessors, although the principals and ideas can be adapted to other cases as well.