论文标题
大型工作提取和连续的麦克斯韦恶魔的陆路限制
Large work extraction and the Landauer limit in a continuous Maxwell demon
论文作者
论文摘要
熵与信息之间的关系可以追溯到经典的麦克斯韦恶魔（MD）悖论，这是J. C. Maxwell于1867年提出的一个思想实验，以违反第二种热力学定律。经典MD的一种变体是L. szilard在1926年提出的Szilard发动机，其中恶魔在给定的时间观察到，在给定的时间，单个分子在容器中占据的隔室，并通过操作皮带轮设备来提取工作。在这里，我们介绍了连续的麦克斯韦恶魔（CMD），这是一种能够通过重复测量系统状态来提取每个周期任意大量工作的设备，并在单个DNA发夹拉动实验中对其进行实验测试。在CMD中，恶魔通过以平均间隔时间间隔观察DNA发夹（折叠或展开）的状态（折叠或展开），但仅在分子改变状态时提取才能起作用。我们证明，CMD可以提取的每个周期的平均最大工作受存储序列的信息包含的限制，这与第二定律一致。发现工作提取效率在罕见事件促进工作提取的大量信息限制中最大。
The relation between entropy and information dates back to the classical Maxwell demon (MD) paradox, a thought experiment proposed in 1867 by J. C. Maxwell to violate the second law of thermodynamics. A variant of the classical MD is the Szilard engine proposed by L. Szilard in 1926 in which the demon observes, at a given time, the compartment occupied by a single molecule in a vessel and extracts work by operating a pulley device. Here we introduce the Continuous Maxwell Demon (CMD), a device capable of extracting arbitrarily large amounts of work per cycle by repeated measurements of the state of a system, and experimentally test it in single DNA hairpin pulling experiments. In the CMD the demon monitors the state of the DNA hairpin (folded or unfolded) by observing it at equally spaced time intervals but extracts work only when the molecule changes state. We demonstrate that the average maximum work per cycle that can be extracted by the CMD is limited by the information-content of the stored sequences, in agreement with the second law. Work extraction efficiency is found to be maximal in the large information-content limit where work extraction is fuelled by rare events.
