论文标题

重新审视大力神 - 核心 - 波雷利斯大城市的证据

Re-Examining the Evidence of the Hercules-Corona-Borealis Great Wall

论文作者

Christian, Sam

论文摘要

在宇宙学的λ-CDM范式中,不应存在大于260 mpc的各向异性。然而,据称,估计大小超过2000 mpc的某些人的大力神 - 核心北风(HCB)的存在来挑战这一原则。最近,一些人挑战了HCB的存在,将各向异性归因于天空暴露效应。从来没有解释过为什么即使考虑到天空曝光效应,也说出HCB存在的原始方法也会产生各向异性。在本文中,我采用了原始论文的方法,该论文在各种蒙特卡洛模拟中都认为HCB存在,这些蒙特卡罗模拟假设各向同性可以分析所使用原始测试的显着性水平的经验含义。我发现,尽管乍一看的统计检验显示可疑样品中存在明显的各向异性,但在大多数情况下,蒙特卡罗模拟可以轻松地重现样本,如果没有,则可以通过其他统计考虑来解释差异。更新的样品提高了从各向同性样品中绘制观察到的聚类的可能性十倍。因此,先前研究中使用的统计检验高估了观察到的各向异性的重要性,并且更新的样品返回的概率甚至更少。鉴于能够在蒙特卡洛模拟中复制观察到的各向异性,因此从各向同性的样本中从各向同性中抽取的新的,更高的概率,以及先前论文的作品将各向异性归因于天空选择的效果,因此必须将HCB的存在视为最佳的HCB的存在。

In the Λ-CDM paradigm of cosmology, anisotropies larger than 260 Mpc shouldn't exist. However, the existence of the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall (HCB) is purported to challenge this principle by some with an estimated size exceeding 2000 Mpc. Recently, some have challenged the assertion of the existence of the HCB, attributing the anisotropy to sky exposure effects. It has never been explained why the original methods purporting the existence of the HCB produce anisotropies, even if sky-exposure effects are taken into account. In this paper, I apply the methods of the original papers purporting the existence of the HCB in various Monte-Carlo simulations that assume isotropy to analyze the empirical meaning of the significance levels of the original tests used. I find that, although the statistical tests at first glance show significant anisotropies present in the suspect sample, Monte-Carlo simulations can easily reproduce the sample in most cases, and if not, the differences can be accounted for by other statistical considerations. An updated sample raises the probability of drawing the observed clustering from an isotropic sample ten-fold in some cases. Thus the statistical tests used in prior studies overestimate the significance of the observed anisotropy, and an updated sample returns even less significant probabilities. Given the ability to reproduce the observed anisotropy in Monte-Carlo simulations, the new, higher probabilities of being drawn from isotropy for an updated sample, and the work of previous papers attributing anisotropies to sky-selection effects, the existence of the HCB must be treated as doubtful at best.

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