论文标题

DS6,变形 - 感知的半监督学习:使用嘈杂的训练数据应用于小船只分割

DS6, Deformation-aware Semi-supervised Learning: Application to Small Vessel Segmentation with Noisy Training Data

论文作者

Chatterjee, Soumick, Prabhu, Kartik, Pattadkal, Mahantesh, Bortsova, Gerda, Sarasaen, Chompunuch, Dubost, Florian, Mattern, Hendrik, de Bruijne, Marleen, Speck, Oliver, Nürnberger, Andreas

论文摘要

大脑的血管为人脑提供所需的营养和氧气。作为大脑血液供应的脆弱部分,小血管的病理可能会引起严重的问题,例如脑小血管疾病(CSVD)。还已经表明,CSVD与神经变性有关,例如阿尔茨海默氏病。随着7种特斯拉MRI系统的发展,可以实现较高的空间图像分辨率,从而使大脑中非常小的血管描绘。非深度学习的方法进行血管分割的方法,例如,弗兰吉的血管增强,随后的阈值能够将培养基分割至大容器,但通常无法分割小血管。这些方法对小容器的敏感性可以通过广泛的参数调整或手动校正来提高,尽管使它们耗时,费力,并且对于较大的数据集而言是不可行的。本文提出了一个深度学习结构,以自动在7特斯拉3D飞行时间(TOF)磁共振血管造影(MRA)数据中自动分割小容器。该算法对仅11个受试者的小型不完美的半自动分割数据集进行了训练和评估;使用六个进行培训,两个进行验证,三个进行测试。基于U-NET多尺度监督的深度学习模型使用培训子集进行了训练,并以自我监督的方式使用变形 - 意识学习以提高概括性能。针对测试集对所提出的技术进行了定量和定性评估,并获得了80.44 $ \ pm $ 0.83的骰子得分。此外,将所提出的方法的结果与选定的手动分割区域(62.07结果骰子)进行了比较,并通过变形感知的学习显示出显着改善(18.98 \%)。

Blood vessels of the brain provide the human brain with the required nutrients and oxygen. As a vulnerable part of the cerebral blood supply, pathology of small vessels can cause serious problems such as Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases (CSVD). It has also been shown that CSVD is related to neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease. With the advancement of 7 Tesla MRI systems, higher spatial image resolution can be achieved, enabling the depiction of very small vessels in the brain. Non-Deep Learning-based approaches for vessel segmentation, e.g., Frangi's vessel enhancement with subsequent thresholding, are capable of segmenting medium to large vessels but often fail to segment small vessels. The sensitivity of these methods to small vessels can be increased by extensive parameter tuning or by manual corrections, albeit making them time-consuming, laborious, and not feasible for larger datasets. This paper proposes a deep learning architecture to automatically segment small vessels in 7 Tesla 3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) data. The algorithm was trained and evaluated on a small imperfect semi-automatically segmented dataset of only 11 subjects; using six for training, two for validation, and three for testing. The deep learning model based on U-Net Multi-Scale Supervision was trained using the training subset and was made equivariant to elastic deformations in a self-supervised manner using deformation-aware learning to improve the generalisation performance. The proposed technique was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively against the test set and achieved a Dice score of 80.44 $\pm$ 0.83. Furthermore, the result of the proposed method was compared against a selected manually segmented region (62.07 resultant Dice) and has shown a considerable improvement (18.98\%) with deformation-aware learning.

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