论文标题
时空的出现：从纠缠到爱因斯坦
Emergence of Spacetime: From Entanglement to Einstein
论文作者
论文摘要
在这里，我发展了热力学，纠缠和重力之间的联系。我首先表明经典的无效状况（NEC）可能是由于应用于局部全息筛网的第二种热力学定律而产生的。这是通过从本质上逆转霍金区域定理的步骤来实现的，从而导致RICCI收敛条件作为输入，即即使在Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy Ontropy Ontropy公式中，爱因斯坦方程的应用也会产生NEC。然后，通过将热力学归因于未来的灯光的伸展范围 - 这是一个瞬间的超曲面，这是由径向加速的观察者的集合而产生的，这些观察者的恒定和均匀的适当加速 - 我从clausius的关系中得出了clausius的方程式，从clausius的关系$tδs_{rev} $ text {$ text {$ n $;可逆熵变化。基于这个派生，我发现了当地的重力第一定律，$ΔE=tδs-w $，将重力熵$ s $连接到物质$ e $和工作$ w $。然后，我通过扩展纠缠平衡建议来对拉伸的灯酮热力学进行纠缠解释。 Using the $\text{AdS}_{3}/\text{CFT}_{2}$ correspondence, I then provide a microscopic explanation of the `thermodynamic volume' in extended black hole thermodynamics and reveal the super-entropicity of $\text{AdS}_{3}$ black holes is due to the gravitational entropy overcounting the number of可用的双$ \ text {cft} _ {2} $状态。最后，我得出结论，最新概括了延长的第一定律，并研究了其非平凡的2+1-和1+1维限制，其中包括针对Jackiw-teitelboim Gravity的扩展第一定律。通过包括与新兴重力相关的有用背景内容，本论文是独立的和教学的。
Here I develop the connection between thermodynamics, entanglement, and gravity. I begin by showing that the classical null energy condition (NEC) can arise as a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics applied to local holographic screens. This is accomplished by essentially reversing the steps of Hawking's area theorem, leading to the Ricci convergence condition as an input, from which an application of Einstein's equations yields the NEC -- even in the presence of 1-loop quantum corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula. Then, by attributing thermodynamics to the stretched horizon of future lightcones -- a timelike hypersurface generated by a collection of radially accelerating observers with constant and uniform proper acceleration -- I derive Einstein's equations from the Clausius relation $TΔS_{\text{rev}}=Q$, where $ΔS_{\text{rev}}$ is the reversible entropy change. Based on this derivation I uncover a local first law of gravity, $ΔE=TΔS-W$, connecting gravitational entropy $S$ to matter energy $E$ and work $W$. I then provide an entanglement interpretation of stretched lightcone thermodynamics by extending the entanglement equilibrium proposal. Using the $\text{AdS}_{3}/\text{CFT}_{2}$ correspondence, I then provide a microscopic explanation of the `thermodynamic volume' in extended black hole thermodynamics and reveal the super-entropicity of $\text{AdS}_{3}$ black holes is due to the gravitational entropy overcounting the number of available dual $\text{CFT}_{2}$ states. Finally, I conclude by providing a recent generalization of the extended first law of entanglement, and study its non-trivial 2+1- and 1+1-dimensional limits, including an extended first law for Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. This thesis is self-contained and pedagogical by including useful background content relevant to emergent gravity.
