论文标题
插图中的超级质量黑洞加油：环境的影响
Supermassive black hole fueling in IllustrisTNG: Impact of environment
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了在Illustristng（TNG100）模拟的宇宙中，活跃银河核（AGN）与环境之间的关联和环境之间的关联。我们在0.01、0.1和1 $ H^{ - 1} $ MPC的尺度内识别超质量黑洞（BH）对和倍数，并检查其与随机选择的对和倍数相关的AGN活动。 tng100中BHS的数量密度为$ n = 0.06 \，h^3 $ mpc $^{ - 3} $ at $ z \ lysSim1.5 $（$ n = 0.02 \，h^3 $ mpc $^{ - 3} { - 3} $ z = 3 $）。大约$ \ sim10 $％和$ \ sim1 $％的成对和倍数分别在0.1 $ h^{ - 1} $ mpc量表之内。我们发现，与随机的对和倍数相比，BH系统具有含有高爱丁顿比率（$η\ gtrsim0.7 $）AGN的可能性（最高为3-6）的可能性（最高为3-6）。相反，与随机对和倍数相比，AGN生活在0.1 $ h^{ - 1} $ MPC SCALE系统中也更高（按$η\ Gtrsim0.7 $）更高。我们还估计，$ \ sim10 $％的超高X射线X射线在TNG100中选择的AGN具有可检测到的2-10 KEV AGN伴侣，$ 0.1 \ h^{ - 1} $ mpc scales符合观察结果。但是，在较大的空间量表（$ \ sim 1 $ $ $ h^{ - 1} $ mpc）中，即使在高爱丁顿的比率下，BH对和倍数也没有明显的增强。因此，在丰富的小规模（$ \ lyssim0.1 $ $ $ h^{ - 1} $ MPC）环境中，AGN活动的增强可能是由银河交互和合并驱动的。尽管如此，居住在$ \ lyssim0.1 $ $ $ h^{ - 1} $ mpc scale倍数中的AGN的总百分比仍然是次级的（最高的$ \ sim40 $％$ \ sim40 $％$％的Eddington比率AGN）。此外，BH系统（以及BHS合并）的Eddington比率的提高仅取决于$ \ sim2-3 $的因素。因此，我们的结果支持合并连接的存在，但他们还表明合并和互动在加油整个人群中起着相对较小的作用。
We study the association between active galactic nuclei (AGN) and environment at scales of $0.01-1\ h^{-1}$Mpc in the IllustrisTNG (TNG100) simulated universe. We identify supermassive black hole (BH) pairs and multiples within scales of 0.01, 0.1, & 1 $h^{-1}$Mpc and examine their AGN activity in relation to randomly-selected pairs and multiples. The number density of BHs in TNG100 is $n=0.06\,h^3$Mpc$^{-3}$ at $z\lesssim1.5$ ($n=0.02\,h^3$ Mpc$^{-3}$ at $z=3$). About $\sim10$% and $\sim1$% of them live in pairs and multiples, respectively, within 0.1 $h^{-1}$Mpc scales. We find that BH systems have enhanced likelihood (up to factors of 3-6) of containing high Eddington ratio ($η\gtrsim0.7$) AGN compared to random pairs and multiples. Conversely, the likelihood of an AGN to live in 0.1$h^{-1}$Mpc scale systems is also higher (by factors $\sim4$ for $η\gtrsim0.7$) compared to random pairs and multiples. We also estimate that $\sim10$% of ultra-hard X-ray selected AGN in TNG100 have detectable 2-10 keV AGN companions on $0.1\ h^{-1}$Mpc scales, in agreement with observations. On larger spatial scales ($\sim 1$ $h^{-1}$Mpc), however, no significant enhancement is associated with BH pairs and multiples, even at high Eddington ratios. The enhancement of AGN activity in rich, small-scale ($\lesssim0.1$ $h^{-1}$Mpc) environments is therefore likely to be driven by galaxy interactions and mergers. Nonetheless, the overall percentage of AGN that live in $\lesssim0.1$ $h^{-1}$Mpc scale multiples is still subdominant (at most $\sim40$% for the highest Eddington ratio AGN). Furthermore, the enhancement in Eddington ratios of BH systems(as well as merging BHs) is only up to factors of $\sim2-3$. Thus, our results support the existence of a merger-AGN connection, but they also suggest that mergers and interactions play a relatively minor role in fueling the AGN population as a whole.
