论文标题
自限制超级量子液滴的热不稳定
Thermal destabilization of self-bound ultradilute quantum droplets
论文作者
论文摘要
从理论上讲，我们在玻色豆混合物中具有吸引人的种间相互作用中的温度效应，在这种方案中，由于有吸引力的平均场力与李 - 湾 - 杨量量子波动提供的有吸引力的平均场力和排斥力之间的微妙平衡，因此形成了自结合的超利用量子液滴。我们发现，与量子波动相反，热波动不稳定了液滴状态并在阈值温度上完全破坏了液滴状态。我们表明阈值温度取决于种类内相互作用能量。对于三维玻色 - 玻璃混合物，在典型的实验条件下，阈值温度不到Bose-Einstein冷凝温度的十分之一。随着温度的升高，液滴的平衡密度逐渐降低，并且在达到阈值温度时可以减少几十％。我们还考虑了一维量子液滴，并由于热波动而发现类似的破坏稳定作用。一个维度的阈值温度由种间二聚体的结合能大致设置。可以通过测量其中心密度的温度依赖性并观察到其在阈值温度下的突然消失，可以检查我们工作中预测的自结合量子液滴的明显热不稳定性。
We theoretically investigate the temperature effect in a Bose-Bose mixture with attractive inter-species interactions, in the regime where a self-bound ultradilute quantum droplet forms due to the subtle balance between the attractive mean-field force and the repulsive force provided by Lee-Huang-Yang quantum fluctuations. We find that in contrast to quantum fluctuations, thermal fluctuations destabilize the droplet state and completely destroy it above a threshold temperature. We show that the threshold temperature is determined by the intra-species interaction energy. For a three-dimensional Bose-Bose mixture, the threshold temperature is less than one-tenth of the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature under the typical experimental conditions. With increasing temperature, the droplet's equilibrium density gradually decreases and can be reduced by several tens of percent upon reaching the threshold temperature. We also consider a one-dimensional quantum droplet and find a similar destabilization effect due to thermal fluctuations. The threshold temperature in one dimension is roughly set by the binding energy of the inter-species dimer. The pronounced thermal instability of a self-bound quantum droplet predicted in our work could be examined in future experiments, by measuring the temperature dependence of its central density and observing its sudden disappearance at the threshold temperature.
