论文标题
来自纠缠扭曲光子的全息随机数
Holographically-controlled random numbers from entangled twisted photons
论文作者
论文摘要
我们基于在光量子状态叠加的投影测量中固有的随机结果，提出了一个量子随机数发生器（QRNG）。首先，我们使用在空间光调节器上编码的多路全息图，将空间映射到下转换的光子上的光子上映射到光路的叠加。这为我们提供了对映射过程的完整数字控制，我们可以对其进行量身定制以实现任何所需的概率分布。更重要的是，我们使用此方法来说明我们的传输和检测系统中存在的任何偏差，从而消除了时间耗时和效率低下的无偏算法。我们的QRNG实现了$ \ text {h} _ {\ text {min}} = 0.9991 \ pm0.0003 $ bits $ \ text {h} _ {h} _ {此外，我们扩展了我们的方法，以实现基于在轨道角动量（OAM）自由程度的光子基于光子的QRNG。在任意OAM组合上的数字全息图和投影测量的组合使我们能够生成带有任意分布的随机数，实际上可以在保持固有的量子不重新配置的同时定制系统的熵。这样的技术允许进入高维的OAM Hilbert空间，为每个光子产生多个随机位的途径开辟了途径。
We present a quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the random outcomes inherent in projective measurements on a superposition of quantum states of light. Firstly, we use multiplexed holograms encoded on a spatial light modulator to spatially map down-converted photons onto a superposition of optical paths. This gives us full digital control of the mapping process which we can tailor to achieve any desired probability distribution. More importantly, we use this method to account for any bias present within our transmission and detection system, forgoing the need for time-consuming and inefficient unbiasing algorithms. Our QRNG achieved a min-entropy of $\text{H}_{\text{min}}=0.9991\pm0.0003$ bits per photon and passed the NIST statistical test suite. Furthermore, we extend our approach to realise a QRNG based on photons entangled in their orbital angular momentum (OAM) degree of freedom. This combination of digital holograms and projective measurements on arbitrary OAM combinations allowed us to generate random numbers with arbitrary distributions, in effect tailoring the system's entropy while maintaining the inherent quantum irreproducibility. Such techniques allow access to the higher-dimensional OAM Hilbert space, opening up an avenue for generating multiple random bits per photon.
