论文标题
双向贪婪:不完美理性的算法
Two-way Greedy: Algorithms for Imperfect Rationality
论文作者
论文摘要
意识到在算法设计中需要考虑自私的利益,在算法机制设计的保护下为计算机科学产生了许多贡献。已经确定和研究了新型算法和范例。我们的工作源于自私与理性不同的观察。代理商会根据他们认为根据其不完善的理性而进行方便时试图制定战略。最近的工作集中在一个不完美的理性的概念上,即缺乏一定的推理技能,并定义了明显的战略范围(OSP),这是应对这些代理人的自私的一种方式。本质上,该定义指出,要照顾这些代理的激励措施,我们不仅需要关注输入与输出之间的关系,而且还要关注算法的运行方式。但是,尚不清楚必须将哪种算法方法用于OSP。在本文中,我们表明,对于二进制分配问题,OSP通过两种著名的算法技术的结合完全捕获,即前进和反向贪婪。我们称这种算法设计范式称为双向贪婪。我们的主要技术贡献建立了OSP与双向贪婪之间的联系。我们以最近引入的OSP周期单调性技术为基础。通过循环和OSP机制的查询的新结构特性,我们从极端实施方面充分表征了这些机制。这些协议要求每个代理在当前历史记录中始终如一地将其域的一个极端与其他域分开。通过与贪婪范式的联系,我们能够将近似范围导入OSP并增强该算法家族的战略特性。最后,我们开始探索对设定系统的双向贪婪的力量。
The realization that selfish interests need to be accounted for in the design of algorithms has produced many contributions in computer science under the umbrella of algorithmic mechanism design. Novel algorithmic properties and paradigms have been identified and studied. Our work stems from the observation that selfishness is different from rationality; agents will attempt to strategize whenever they perceive it to be convenient according to their imperfect rationality. Recent work has focused on a particular notion of imperfect rationality, namely absence of contingent reasoning skills, and defined obvious strategyproofness (OSP) as a way to deal with the selfishness of these agents. Essentially, this definition states that to care for the incentives of these agents, we need not only pay attention about the relationship between input and output, but also about the way the algorithm is run. However, it is not clear what algorithmic approaches must be used for OSP. In this paper, we show that, for binary allocation problems, OSP is fully captured by a combination of two well-known algorithmic techniques: forward and reverse greedy. We call two-way greedy this algorithmic design paradigm. Our main technical contribution establishes the connection between OSP and two-way greedy. We build upon the recently introduced cycle monotonicity technique for OSP. By means of novel structural properties of cycles and queries of OSP mechanisms, we fully characterize these mechanisms in terms of extremal implementations. These are protocols that ask each agent to consistently separate one extreme of their domain at the current history from the rest. Through the connection with the greedy paradigm, we are able to import a host of approximation bounds to OSP and strengthen the strategic properties of this family of algorithms. Finally, we begin exploring the power of two-way greedy for set systems.