论文标题
在不同运动动力学下提取催化纳米和微型运动的推进速度
Extraction of the propulsive speed of catalytic nano- and micro-motors under different motion dynamics
论文作者
论文摘要
通常通过动态光散射或光学显微镜表征活性颗粒的运动,例如催化微型和纳米运动。在这两种情况下,颗粒的速度均从均方根位移(MSD)的演算中获得,通常,MSD的理论公式是从活性布朗粒子的运动方程式得出的。最常见的参数之一是粒子的速度,通常归因于其推进,并且被广泛用于比较催化电动机的运动效率。但是,通常找到不同的方法来计算此参数,该参数不是等效近似,并且没有相同的物理含义。在这里,我们回顾了速度分析的标准方法,并专注于分析自旋细粒子MSD时出现的误差。我们从瞬时速度的计算中分析了误差,以及通过配件到抛物线方程的推进速度和扩散系数,我们提出了一个修订后的公式,用于以恒定速度移动的催化粒子运动分析,以提高从MSD中获得的准确性和信息量。此外,我们强调发现存在不同运动动力学的重要性,例如具有活性角速度的粒子或在漂移的存在下移动的重要性,以及通过考虑具有指数衰减速度的粒子来彻底改变分析。在所有情况下,来自酶促的微型运动的真实数据和模拟都用于支持理论。最后,我们提出了几种分析方法,并分析了限制案例,这些案例将有助于处理这些情况,同时仍获得准确的结果。
Motion of active particles, such as catalytic micro- and nano-motors, is usually characterized via either dynamic light scattering or optical microscopy. In both cases, speed of particles is obtained from the calculus of the mean square displacement (MSD) and typically, the theoretical formula of the MSD is derived from the motion equations of an active Brownian particle. One of the most commonly reported parameters is the speed of the particle, usually attributed to its propulsion, and is widely used to compare the motion efficiency of catalytic motors. However, it is common to find different methods to compute this parameter, which are not equivalent approximations and do not possess the same physical meaning. Here, we review the standard methods of speed analysis and focus on the errors that arise when analyzing the MSD of self-propelled particles. We analyze the errors from the computation of the instantaneous speed, as well as the propulsive speed and diffusion coefficient through fittings to parabolic equations, and we propose a revised formula for the motion analysis of catalytic particles moving with constant speed that can improve the accuracy and the amount of information obtained from the MSD. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of spotting the presence of different motion dynamics, such as particles with active angular speed or that move under the presence of drift, and how the breaking of ergodicity can completely change the analysis by considering particles with an exponentially decaying speed. In all cases, real data from enzymatically propelled micro-motors and simulations are used to back up the theories. Finally, we propose several analytical approaches and analyze limiting cases that will help to deal with these scenarios while still obtaining accurate results.