论文标题
长期SN 2005IP的缓慢灭亡
The Slow Demise of the Long-Lived SN 2005ip
论文作者
论文摘要
IIN Supernova类型(SN)2005IP是SN与其折叠环境相互作用的最精心研究和持久的例子之一。光光曲线在几乎恒定的水平上平稳了五年多,这表明与扩展和块状的室内培养基(CSM)的冲击相互作用持续。在这里,我们介绍了SN的持续观察,从$ \ sim 1000-5000 $ days爆炸后所有波长,包括X射线,紫外线,近红外和中红外。紫外线光谱探测了前爆炸质量损失,并显示了CNO加工的证据。从降压光曲线来看,我们发现总辐射能量超过$ 10^{50} $ erg,祖细胞星的前示例质量损失率为$ \ gtrsim 1 \ gtrsim 1 \ times 10^{ - 2}} { - 2} \ \,{\ rm m _ {\ rm m _ {\ odot} $ \ gtrsim 1 \,{\ rm m_ \ odot} $,尽管质量损失可能会大大更大,这取决于动能转换为辐射的效率。通过近红外光谱的紫外线的特征是两个高密度成分,一种具有狭窄的高离子化线,另一个具有较宽的低离世H I,He I,I,[O I],Mg II和Fe II线。丰富的Fe II光谱受到LY $α$荧光的强烈影响,与光谱建模一致。 Balmer和I线条均表明在互动后期的CSM密度降低。我们发现与SN 1988z相似,该Z在其非常缓慢的下降速度的同时显示了频谱的可相当变化。这些结果表明,最终,SN 2005IP中的冲击相互作用最终可能正在下降。
The Type IIn supernova (SN) 2005ip is one of the most well-studied and long-lasting examples of a SN interacting with its circumstellar environment. The optical light curve plateaued at a nearly constant level for more than five years, suggesting ongoing shock interaction with an extended and clumpy circumstellar medium (CSM). Here we present continued observations of the SN from $\sim 1000-5000$ days post-explosion at all wavelengths, including X-ray, ultraviolet, near-infrared, and mid-infrared. The UV spectra probe the pre-explosion mass loss and show evidence for CNO processing. From the bolometric light curve, we find that the total radiated energy is in excess of $10^{50}$ erg, the progenitor star's pre-explosion mass-loss rate was $\gtrsim 1 \times 10^{-2}\,{\rm M_{\odot}~ yr}^{-1}$, and the total mass lost shortly before explosion was $\gtrsim 1\,{\rm M_\odot}$, though the mass lost could have been considerably larger depending on the efficiency for the conversion of kinetic energy to radiation. The ultraviolet through near-infrared spectrum is characterised by two high density components, one with narrow high-ionisation lines, and one with broader low-ionisation H I, He I, [O I], Mg II, and Fe II lines. The rich Fe II spectrum is strongly affected by Ly$α$ fluorescence, consistent with spectral modeling. Both the Balmer and He I lines indicate a decreasing CSM density during the late interaction period. We find similarities to SN 1988Z, which shows a comparable change in spectrum at around the same time during its very slow decline. These results suggest that, at long last, the shock interaction in SN 2005ip may finally be on the decline.