论文标题

快速,$ b_1 $ - 不敏感的双波段准绝热饱和转移,具有最佳控制,以完全量化心肌ATP通量

Rapid, $B_1$-insensitive, dual-band quasi-adiabatic saturation transfer with optimal control for complete quantification of myocardial ATP flux

论文作者

Miller, Jack J., Valkovič, Ladislav, Kerr, Matthew, Timm, Kerstin N., Watson, William, Lau, Justin Y. C., Tyler, Andrew, Rodgers, Christopher, Bottomley, Paul A., Heather, Lisa C., Tyler, Damian J.

论文摘要

目的:磷饱和转移实验可以无创地量化代谢通量。通常,通过观察$γ$ -atp饱和后磷酸蛋白酶(PCR)的减少来研究通过肌酸激酶反应的正向通量。目前,ATP总利用的量化量不足,因为它需要同时饱和无机磷酸盐(PI)和PCR。这很具有挑战性,因为当前可用的饱和脉冲减少了已经低的$γ$ -ATP信号。 方法:使用混合型最佳控制和shinnar-le-loux方法,设计了用于PCR和PI双重饱和的准绝热RF脉冲,以确定总ATP利用率。与常规的硬骨丹特饱和序列相比,在Bloch方程模拟中评估了脉冲,然后在11.7 Tesla的灌注大鼠心脏中施用。 结果:准绝热脉冲对$ b_1 $的$> 2.5 $倍变化不敏感,可产生同等饱和度,降低了交付的脉冲功率53%,减少了33倍的溢出,最低有效$ b_1 $。这使得在灌注大鼠心脏中,可以在30-45分钟内完全量化ATP的合成和降解通量。虽然净合成通量($ 4.24 \ pm0.8 $ mm/s,SEM)与降解通量($ 6.88 \ pm2 $ mm/s,$ p = 0.06 $)并没有显着差异,并且这两种度量与先前的工作一致,但非线性错误分析在pi-at-atpp a的不确定性上不确定,这可能会在PI-ATP测量中解释了一个可能的建议。 结论:这项工作证明了一种新型的准绝热双饱和RF脉冲,其性能明显改善,可用于测量体内心脏中的ATP转换。

Purpose: Phosphorus saturation-transfer experiments can quantify metabolic fluxes non-invasively. Typically, the forward flux through the creatine-kinase reaction is investigated by observing the decrease in phosphocreatine (PCr) after saturation of $γ$-ATP. The quantification of total ATP utilisation is currently under-explored, as it requires simultaneous saturation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and PCr. This is challenging, as currently available saturation pulses reduce the already-low $γ$-ATP signal present. Methods: Using a hybrid optimal-control and Shinnar-Le-Roux method, a quasi-adiabatic RF pulse was designed for the dual-saturation of PCr and Pi to enable determination of total ATP utilisation. The pulses were evaluated in Bloch equation simulations, compared with a conventional hard-cosine DANTE saturation sequence, before application to perfused rat hearts at 11.7 Tesla. Results: The quasi-adiabatic pulse was insensitive to a $>2.5$-fold variation in $B_1$, producing equivalent saturation with a 53% reduction in delivered pulse power and a 33-fold reduction in spillover at the minimum effective $B_1$. This enabled the complete quantification of the synthesis and degradation fluxes for ATP in 30-45 minutes in the perfused rat heart. While the net synthesis flux ($4.24\pm0.8$ mM/s, SEM) was not significantly different from degradation flux ($6.88\pm2$ mM/s, $p=0.06$) and both measures are consistent with prior work, nonlinear error analysis highlights uncertainties in the Pi-to-ATP measurement that may explain a trend suggesting a possible imbalance. Conclusion: This work demonstrates a novel quasi-adiabatic dual-saturation RF pulse with significantly improved performance that can be used to measure ATP turnover in the heart in vivo.

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