论文标题

iCecube-gen2:极端宇宙的窗口

IceCube-Gen2: The Window to the Extreme Universe

论文作者

Gen2 Collaboration, Aartsen, M. G., Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alispach, C., Allison, P., Amin, N. M., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Arlen, T. C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Barbano, A., Bartos, I., Bastian, B., Basu, V., Baum, V., Baur, S., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. -H., Tjus, J. Becker, BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Bohmer, M., Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Burley, R. T., Buscher, J., Busse, R. S., Bustamante, M., Campana, M. A., Carnie-Bronca, E. G., Carver, T., Chen, C., Chen, P., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Choi, S., Clark, B. A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Connolly, A., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., Deaconu, C., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., De Kockere, S., Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., De Ridder, S., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Dharani, S., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., DuVernois, M. A., Dvorak, E., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Engel, R., Evans, J. J., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Farrag, K., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Fienberg, A. T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia-Fernandez, D., Garrappa, S., Gartner, A., Gerhardt, L., Gernhaeuser, R., Ghadimi, A., Glaser, C., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Grant, D., Grégoire, T., Griffith, Z., Griswold, S., Gündüz, M., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hanson, J. C., Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Haugen, J., Haungs, A., Hauser, S., Hebecker, D., Heinen, D., Heix, P., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Henningsen, F., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Holzapfel, K., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Huber, T., Huege, T., Hughes, K., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jones, B. J. P., Jonske, F., Joppe, R., Kalekin, O., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kang, X., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katori, T., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kellermann, M., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kin, K., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Kleifges, M., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kovacevich, M., Kowalski, M., Krauss, C. B., Krings, K., Krückl, G., Kulacz, N., Kurahashi, N., Gualda, C. Lagunas, Lahmann, R., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Latif, U., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Leonard, K., Leszczyńska, A., Li, Y., Liu, Q. R., Lohfink, E., LoSecco, J., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Ludwig, A., Lünemann, J., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Ma, W. Y., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mallik, P., Mancina, S., Mandalia, S., Mariş, I. C., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medina, A., Meier, M., Meighen-Berger, S., Merz, J., Meyers, Z. S., Micallef, J., Mockler, D., Momenté, G., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Muth, P., Naab, R., Nagai, R., Nam, J., Naumann, U., Necker, J., Neer, G., Nelles, A., Nguyên, L. V., Niederhausen, H., Nisa, M. U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Oberla, E., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Oehler, M., Olivas, A., O'Sullivan, E., Pan, Y., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Papp, L., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Peiffer, P., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petersen, T. C., Philippen, S., Pieloth, D., Pieper, S., Pinfold, J. L., Pizzuto, A., Plaisier, I., Plum, M., Popovych, Y., Porcelli, A., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rauch, L., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Rehman, A., Reimann, R., Renschler, M., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Reusch, S., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Riegel, M., Roberts, E. J., Robertson, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Cantu, D. Rysewyk, Safa, I., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sandstrom, P., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Scharf, M., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharma, A., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Smith, D., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Söldner-Rembold, S., Song, M., Southall, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Strotjohann, N. L., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Taketa, A., Tanaka, H. K. M., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tilav, S., Tollefson, K., Tomankova, L., Tönnis, C., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Twagirayezu, J. P., Ty, B., Unger, E., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijk, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Veberic, D., Verpoest, S., Vieregg, A., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weindl, A., Weinstock, L., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Welling, C., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wissel, S. A., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wren, S., Wulff, J., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yoshida, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., Zierke, S., Zöcklein, M.

论文摘要

从无线电到$γ$ - 射线波长的电磁辐射的观察提供了有关宇宙的大量信息。但是,在PEV(10 $^{15} $ eV)及以上,大多数宇宙对于光子来说都是不可穿透的。需要新的信使,即宇宙中微子,以探索宇宙中最极端的环境,黑洞,中子星和恒星爆炸将重力转化为非热宇宙射线。用iCecube发现宇宙中微子的发现已在宇宙上打开了这个新窗口。在这份白皮书中,我们介绍了下一代仪器iCecube-gen2的概述,该仪器将使我们对以最高能量控制宇宙的过程和环境的理解进行增强。 IceCube-gen2设计为:1)从TEV到EEV能量解决高能中微子天空; 2)通过多通信剂观察研究宇宙颗粒的加速度; 3)揭示宇宙中最高能量颗粒的来源和传播; 4)具有高能量中微子的探测基本物理。与IceCube相比,IceCube-gen2将使观察到的宇宙中微子的年速率增加十倍,并且能够比其前身的五倍愚蠢地检测来源。此外,通过添加无线电阵列,与IceCube相比,IceCube-gen2将将能量范围扩展几个数量级。建设将需要8年,费用约为3.5亿美元。目的是在2033年之前让iCecube-gen2全面运行。IceCube-gen2将在塑造多门徒天文学的新时代起着至关重要的作用,从根本上促进了我们对高能宇宙的了解。这项具有挑战性的任务只能与电磁频谱和重力波探测器的新调查工具共同解决,该工具将在未来几年内提供。

The observation of electromagnetic radiation from radio to $γ$-ray wavelengths has provided a wealth of information about the universe. However, at PeV (10$^{15}$ eV) energies and above, most of the universe is impenetrable to photons. New messengers, namely cosmic neutrinos, are needed to explore the most extreme environments of the universe where black holes, neutron stars, and stellar explosions transform gravitational energy into non-thermal cosmic rays. The discovery of cosmic neutrinos with IceCube has opened this new window on the universe. In this white paper, we present an overview of a next-generation instrument, IceCube-Gen2, which will sharpen our understanding of the processes and environments that govern the universe at the highest energies. IceCube-Gen2 is designed to: 1) Resolve the high-energy neutrino sky from TeV to EeV energies; 2) Investigate cosmic particle acceleration through multi-messenger observations; 3) Reveal the sources and propagation of the highest energy particles in the universe; 4) Probe fundamental physics with high-energy neutrinos. IceCube-Gen2 will increase the annual rate of observed cosmic neutrinos by a factor of ten compared to IceCube, and will be able to detect sources five times fainter than its predecessor. Furthermore, through the addition of a radio array, IceCube-Gen2 will extend the energy range by several orders of magnitude compared to IceCube. Construction will take 8 years and cost about \$350M. The goal is to have IceCube-Gen2 fully operational by 2033. IceCube-Gen2 will play an essential role in shaping the new era of multi-messenger astronomy, fundamentally advancing our knowledge of the high-energy universe. This challenging mission can be fully addressed only in concert with the new survey instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum and gravitational wave detectors which will be available in the coming years.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源