论文标题

银河系星际硫同位素:径向$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s梯度?

Galactic interstellar sulfur isotopes: A radial $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S gradient?

论文作者

Yu, H. Z., Zhang, J. S., Henkel, C., Yan, Y. T., Liu, W., Tang, X. D., Langer, N., Luan, T. C., Chen, J. L., Wang, Y. X., Deng, G. G., Zhou, Y. P.

论文摘要

We present observations of $^{12}$C$^{32}$S, $^{12}$C$^{34}$S, $^{13}$C$^{32}$S and $^{12}$C$^{33}$S J=2$-$1 lines toward a large sample of massive star forming regions by using the Arizona Radio Observatory 12-m望远镜和IRAM \,30米。对碳$^{12} $ c/$ c/$^{13} $ c比率进行新的测量,$^{32} $ s $/$ s $/$$^{34} $ s同位素比率是从集成的$^{13} $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $^{32} $ s/$ s/$ s/$ s/$^{12} $ c $ c $ c $ s y miase sline for intectated $^{13} $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $ s的;我们的分析显示了一个$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s从内星系到kpc的galactcentric距离为12 \。一个未加权的最小二乘适合我们的数据产生$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s =(1.56 $ \ pm $ 0.17)$ \ rm d _ {\ rm gc} $ +(6.75 $ \ pm $ 1.22),具有0.77的相关系数。错误代表1 $σ$标准偏差。通过(a)排除银河中心区域来测试这一结果,(b)排除所有具有C $^{34} $ s不透明的来源$> 0.25 $> $ 0.25,(c)将我们先前研究的数据和旧数据结合在一起,(d)使用不同的碳同位素比率来实现碳同位素比率的结合。人工制品但持续存在,无论样品和碳同位素数据的选择如何。具有上升$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s值的梯度作为半半径的函数,这意味着太阳系比的比率应大于本地星际介质的比率。有了新的碳同位比率,我们确实获得了局部$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s同位素比率低于太阳系以下的10 $ \%$,如预期的,如果$^{32} $^{32} $ s $/$ s $/$ s $/$$^{34} $ s的比例随时间和时间的含量而增加。但是,基于较少的数据,将较旧的碳同位素比取得了,因此看不到这种减少。没有找到$^{34} $ s $/$$^{33} $ s比率的系统变化。

We present observations of $^{12}$C$^{32}$S, $^{12}$C$^{34}$S, $^{13}$C$^{32}$S and $^{12}$C$^{33}$S J=2$-$1 lines toward a large sample of massive star forming regions by using the Arizona Radio Observatory 12-m telescope and the IRAM\,30-m. Taking new measurements of the carbon $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratio, the $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S isotope ratio was determined from the integrated $^{13}$C$^{32}$S/$^{12}$C$^{34}$S line intensity ratios for our sample. Our analysis shows a $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S gradient from the inner Galaxy out to a galactocentric distance of 12\,kpc. An unweighted least-squares fit to our data yields $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S = (1.56 $\pm$ 0.17)$\rm D_{\rm GC}$ + (6.75 $\pm$ 1.22) with a correlation coefficient of 0.77. Errors represent 1$σ$ standard deviations. Testing this result by (a) excluding the Galactic center region, (b) excluding all sources with C$^{34}$S opacities $>$ 0.25, (c) combining our data and old data from previous study, and (d) using different sets of carbon isotope ratios leads to the conclusion that the observed $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S gradient is not an artefact but persists irrespective of the choice of the sample and carbon isotope data. A gradient with rising $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S values as a function of galactocentric radius implies that the solar system ratio should be larger than that of the local interstellar medium. With the new carbon isotope ratios we obtain indeed a local $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S isotope ratio about 10$\%$ below the solar system one, as expected in case of decreasing $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S ratios with time and increased amounts of stellar processing. However, taking older carbon isotope ratios based on a lesser amount of data, such a decrease is not seen. No systematic variation of $^{34}$S$/$$^{33}$S ratios along galactocentric distance was found.

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