论文标题
银河系星际硫同位素:径向$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s梯度?
Galactic interstellar sulfur isotopes: A radial $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S gradient?
论文作者
论文摘要
We present observations of $^{12}$C$^{32}$S, $^{12}$C$^{34}$S, $^{13}$C$^{32}$S and $^{12}$C$^{33}$S J=2$-$1 lines toward a large sample of massive star forming regions by using the Arizona Radio Observatory 12-m望远镜和IRAM \,30米。对碳$^{12} $ c/$ c/$^{13} $ c比率进行新的测量,$^{32} $ s $/$ s $/$$^{34} $ s同位素比率是从集成的$^{13} $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $^{32} $ s/$ s/$ s/$ s/$^{12} $ c $ c $ c $ s y miase sline for intectated $^{13} $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $ c $ s的;我们的分析显示了一个$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s从内星系到kpc的galactcentric距离为12 \。一个未加权的最小二乘适合我们的数据产生$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s =(1.56 $ \ pm $ 0.17)$ \ rm d _ {\ rm gc} $ +(6.75 $ \ pm $ 1.22),具有0.77的相关系数。错误代表1 $σ$标准偏差。通过(a)排除银河中心区域来测试这一结果,(b)排除所有具有C $^{34} $ s不透明的来源$> 0.25 $> $ 0.25,(c)将我们先前研究的数据和旧数据结合在一起,(d)使用不同的碳同位素比率来实现碳同位素比率的结合。人工制品但持续存在,无论样品和碳同位素数据的选择如何。具有上升$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s值的梯度作为半半径的函数,这意味着太阳系比的比率应大于本地星际介质的比率。有了新的碳同位比率,我们确实获得了局部$^{32} $ s $/$$^{34} $ s同位素比率低于太阳系以下的10 $ \%$,如预期的,如果$^{32} $^{32} $ s $/$ s $/$ s $/$$^{34} $ s的比例随时间和时间的含量而增加。但是,基于较少的数据,将较旧的碳同位素比取得了,因此看不到这种减少。没有找到$^{34} $ s $/$$^{33} $ s比率的系统变化。
We present observations of $^{12}$C$^{32}$S, $^{12}$C$^{34}$S, $^{13}$C$^{32}$S and $^{12}$C$^{33}$S J=2$-$1 lines toward a large sample of massive star forming regions by using the Arizona Radio Observatory 12-m telescope and the IRAM\,30-m. Taking new measurements of the carbon $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratio, the $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S isotope ratio was determined from the integrated $^{13}$C$^{32}$S/$^{12}$C$^{34}$S line intensity ratios for our sample. Our analysis shows a $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S gradient from the inner Galaxy out to a galactocentric distance of 12\,kpc. An unweighted least-squares fit to our data yields $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S = (1.56 $\pm$ 0.17)$\rm D_{\rm GC}$ + (6.75 $\pm$ 1.22) with a correlation coefficient of 0.77. Errors represent 1$σ$ standard deviations. Testing this result by (a) excluding the Galactic center region, (b) excluding all sources with C$^{34}$S opacities $>$ 0.25, (c) combining our data and old data from previous study, and (d) using different sets of carbon isotope ratios leads to the conclusion that the observed $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S gradient is not an artefact but persists irrespective of the choice of the sample and carbon isotope data. A gradient with rising $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S values as a function of galactocentric radius implies that the solar system ratio should be larger than that of the local interstellar medium. With the new carbon isotope ratios we obtain indeed a local $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S isotope ratio about 10$\%$ below the solar system one, as expected in case of decreasing $^{32}$S$/$$^{34}$S ratios with time and increased amounts of stellar processing. However, taking older carbon isotope ratios based on a lesser amount of data, such a decrease is not seen. No systematic variation of $^{34}$S$/$$^{33}$S ratios along galactocentric distance was found.