论文标题
宿主免疫反应驱动SARS-COV-2演变
Host immune response driving SARS-CoV-2 evolution
论文作者
论文摘要
严重急性呼吸综合征2（SARS-COV-2）的传播和演变对于控制和打击冠状病毒疾病2019（COVID-19）大流行至关重要。目前，已经记录了近15,000个SARS-COV-2单个突变，对诊断，疫苗，抗体疗法和药物的发展产生了巨大影响。但是，关于SARS-COV-2进化特征和一般趋势知之甚少。在这项工作中，我们对现有的SARS-COV-2突变进行了全面的基因分型分析。我们揭示了通过APOBEC和ADAR基因编辑的宿主免疫反应可导致接近65 \％的记录突变。此外，我们表明，五岁以下的儿童和老年人可能因19岁以下的高风险，因为他们对病毒感染过度反应。此外，我们发现，大洋洲和非洲的种群对SARS-COV-2感染的反应要比欧洲和亚洲的反应更大，这可以解释为什么出现非洲裔美国人，除了他们因系统性健康和社会状况而导致的Covid-19造成的高风险外，非洲裔美国人的死亡风险增加了。最后，我们的研究表明，对于两个具有相同起源的病毒基因组序列，它们的进化顺序可以从t $> $ c的突变型c $> $ t的比率确定。
The transmission and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are of paramount importance to the controlling and combating of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, near 15,000 SARS-CoV-2 single mutations have been recorded, having a great ramification to the development of diagnostics, vaccines, antibody therapies, and drugs. However, little is known about SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary characteristics and general trend. In this work, we present a comprehensive genotyping analysis of existing SARS-CoV-2 mutations. We reveal that host immune response via APOBEC and ADAR gene editing gives rise to near 65\% of recorded mutations. Additionally, we show that children under age five and the elderly may be at high risk from COVID-19 because of their overreacting to the viral infection. Moreover, we uncover that populations of Oceania and Africa react significantly more intensively to SARS-CoV-2 infection than those of Europe and Asia, which may explain why African Americans were shown to be at increased risk of dying from COVID-19, in addition to their high risk of getting sick from COVID-19 caused by systemic health and social inequities. Finally, our study indicates that for two viral genome sequences of the same origin, their evolution order may be determined from the ratio of mutation type C$>$T over T$>$C.
