论文标题
宇宙学模拟中的光环特性如何有偏见？
How Biased Are Halo Properties in Cosmological Simulations?
论文作者
论文摘要
数十年来，宇宙学N体型模拟一直是理论家的主要工具，但是这些模拟仍未探索的许多数值问题。本文测量了影响其暗物质光环特性的这些大型，仅暗物质的模拟中的数值偏差。我们比较了许多模拟套件，以便为模拟器和分析师提供几种工具，以帮助减轻这些偏见。我们总结了与实用的“收敛限制”的比较，这些比较可应用于广泛的光环属性，包括传统上被测试文献所忽略的光环属性。我们还发现，不同模拟预测的光环特性可以在出乎意料的高分辨率下相互差异。我们证明了许多光环特性在很大程度上取决于力量软化量表，并且这种依赖性导致模拟之间的许多测量差异。我们提供了一个经验模型来估计此类影响对光晕种群旋转曲线的影响。该模型可以用作其他光环特性中偏差的未来经验模型的模板。
Cosmological N-body simulations have been a major tool of theorists for decades, yet many of the numerical issues that these simulations face are still unexplored. This paper measures numerical biases in these large, dark matter-only simulations that affect the properties of their dark matter haloes. We compare many simulation suites in order to provide several tools for simulators and analysts which help mitigate these biases. We summarise our comparisons with practical `convergence limits' that can be applied to a wide range of halo properties, including halo properties which are traditionally overlooked by the testing literature. We also find that the halo properties predicted by different simulations can diverge from one another at unexpectedly high resolutions. We demonstrate that many halo properties depend strongly on force softening scale and that this dependence leads to much of the measured divergence between simulations. We offer an empirical model to estimate the impact of such effects on the rotation curves of a halo population. This model can serve as a template for future empirical models of the biases in other halo properties.
