论文标题
不可证明和不可预测性：不是局限性，而是科学的胜利
Undecidability and unpredictability: not limitations, but triumphs of science
论文作者
论文摘要
这是一种普遍的信念，例如戈德尔的不完整定理或量子力学的固有随机性，代表了对人类为科学知识而努力的基本局限性。随着论点的发展，有些真理我们永远无法通过科学方法揭开，因此我们应该谦虚，并承认超出我们科学掌握的现实。在这里，我认为这种观点是错误的。它起源于一种天真的形而上学形式，将物理和柏拉图式的世界视为具有确定属性的事物的集合，因此所有可能的问题的所有答案在本体论上以某种方式存在，但在认识论上是无法访问的。这种观点不仅在哲学上令人怀疑，而且与现代物理学矛盾。因此，我主张将这种观点取代通过一个世界观，在这个世界观中，“真实模式”的结构概念而不是“事物”被认为是基本的。而不是对我们所知道的限制，而是不可证实的性和不可预测性，而是仅仅是结构未分化的陈述。这为我们提供了一个现实主义的概念，它可以通过现代物理学来更好地告知我们可以实现的目标：尽管有明显的障碍，我们可以知道要知道的是什么。
It is a widespread belief that results like Gödel's incompleteness theorems or the intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanics represent fundamental limitations to humanity's strive for scientific knowledge. As the argument goes, there are truths that we can never uncover with our scientific methods, hence we should be humble and acknowledge a reality beyond our scientific grasp. Here, I argue that this view is wrong. It originates in a naive form of metaphysics that sees the physical and Platonic worlds as a collection of things with definite properties such that all answers to all possible questions exist ontologically somehow, but are epistemically inaccessible. This view is not only a priori philosophically questionable, but also at odds with modern physics. Hence, I argue to replace this perspective by a worldview in which a structural notion of `real patterns', not `things' are regarded as fundamental. Instead of a limitation of what we can know, undecidability and unpredictability then become mere statements of undifferentiation of structure. This gives us a notion of realism that is better informed by modern physics, and an optimistic outlook on what we can achieve: we can know what there is to know, despite the apparent barriers of undecidability results.
