论文标题

一种基于快速的基于神经网络的方法,用于在多单元组合拍卖中确定赢家

A Fast Graph Neural Network-Based Method for Winner Determination in Multi-Unit Combinatorial Auctions

论文作者

Lee, Mengyuan, Hosseinalipour, Seyyedali, Brinton, Christopher G., Yu, Guanding, Dai, Huaiyu

论文摘要

组合拍卖(CA)是在不同领域(包括云计算)中资源分配的有效机制。它可以通过允许投标人提交出价以组合不同项目而不仅仅是单个项目来获得高经济效率和用户灵活性。但是,在投标者之间分配项目以最大化拍卖者的“收入,即获胜者的确定问题(WDP),NP符合NP的求解和不合适的WDP的现有作品通常是基于数学上的优化技术,并且其中大部分是基于单个单元的努力,其中一个单元在某种程度上都在某种程度上,并且有一个单位。其中每个项目可能具有多个单元,鉴于多单元WDP更为复杂,但在云计算中很普遍,我们建议使用机器学习(ML)技术,以开发出一种新型的低复杂性算法,以解决此问题,以使该问题与by-unit the Multiit a grable and a grable and grable and grable and grables thrable a gripn and gripn audment bipne gripnite-bipne trables gripen-bipned bid-bid-bid-bid bid-bid bid bid tig tim gid-digned bid bid(半卷积的操作要学习属于最佳分配的概率,以提高样品生成效率并减少所需的标签实例的数量,我们提出了两个不同的样本生成过程。平台,我们验证我们所提出的方法可以以低复杂性来处理最佳性能,并且在问题大小和用户型分布方面具有良好的概括能力。

The combinatorial auction (CA) is an efficient mechanism for resource allocation in different fields, including cloud computing. It can obtain high economic efficiency and user flexibility by allowing bidders to submit bids for combinations of different items instead of only for individual items. However, the problem of allocating items among the bidders to maximize the auctioneers" revenue, i.e., the winner determination problem (WDP), is NP-complete to solve and inapproximable. Existing works for WDPs are generally based on mathematical optimization techniques and most of them focus on the single-unit WDP, where each item only has one unit. On the contrary, few works consider the multi-unit WDP in which each item may have multiple units. Given that the multi-unit WDP is more complicated but prevalent in cloud computing, we propose leveraging machine learning (ML) techniques to develop a novel low-complexity algorithm for solving this problem with negligible revenue loss. Specifically, we model the multi-unit WDP as an augmented bipartite bid-item graph and use a graph neural network (GNN) with half-convolution operations to learn the probability of each bid belonging to the optimal allocation. To improve the sample generation efficiency and decrease the number of needed labeled instances, we propose two different sample generation processes. We also develop two novel graph-based post-processing algorithms to transform the outputs of the GNN into feasible solutions. Through simulations on both synthetic instances and a specific virtual machine (VM) allocation problem in a cloud computing platform, we validate that our proposed method can approach optimal performance with low complexity and has good generalization ability in terms of problem size and user-type distribution.

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