论文标题

$ t {\ edline t} $变形和基本粒子的宽度

$T{\overline T}$ deformations and the width of fundamental particles

论文作者

Cardy, John, Doyon, Benjamin

论文摘要

我们为所谓的$ t {\ overline t} $键入相对论和非相关系统的变形提供了简单的几何含义。已知能量和动量电流的交叉产物的变形已知,可以通过“ CDD因子”来修饰热力学伯特Ansatz方程。反过来,CDD因子可以解释为在散射过程中产生的附加固定移位:在基本粒子中添加了有限宽度(或者,如果为负,则将其之间的自由空间添加到它们之间的自由空间)。我们建议这种物理效应是一种理解$ t {\ overline t} $变形的通用方式,无论是在经典和量子系统中。我们首先使用粒子和动量的密度和电流形成的变形,并在非相关系统中显示了这一点,并具有粒子保护和翻译不变性。这处于运动方程的水平,以及是否可以集成的任何相互作用电位。然后,我们在自由相对论粒子系统中通过类似技术进行了争论,并表明相对论系统的$ t \ edline t $变形产生了等效现象,从而考虑了长度收缩。我们还表明,在相对论和非偏见的情况下,粒子的宽度相当于依赖于状态的度量的变化,其中距离函数折扣了粒子的宽度,或计算额外的自由空间。这概括并解释了描述$ t \ edline t $变形的已知场依赖性坐标更改。结果将这种变形与广义流体动力学联系起来,其中已经建立了散射位移,颗粒的宽度和国家依赖性的度量变化之间的关系。

We provide a simple geometric meaning for deformations of so-called $T{\overline T}$ type in relativistic and non-relativistic systems. Deformations by the cross products of energy and momentum currents in integrable quantum field theories are known to modify the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations by a "CDD factor". In turn, CDD factors may be interpreted as additional, fixed shifts incurred in scattering processes: a finite width added to the fundamental particles (or, if negative, to the free space between them). We suggest that this physical effect is a universal way of understanding $T{\overline T}$ deformations, both in classical and quantum systems. We first show this in non-relativistic systems, with particle conservation and translation invariance, using the deformation formed out of the densities and currents of particles and momentum. This holds at the level of the equations of motion, and for any interaction potential, integrable or not. We then argue, and show by similar techniques in free relativistic particle systems, that $T\overline T$ deformations of relativistic systems produce the equivalent phenomenon, accounting for length contractions. We also show that, in both the relativistic and non-relativistic cases, the width of particles is equivalent to a state-dependent change of metric, where the distance function discounts the particles' widths, or counts the additional free space. This generalises and explains the known field-dependent coordinate change describing $T\overline T$ deformations. The results connect such deformations with generalised hydrodynamics, where the relations between scattering shifts, widths of particles and state-dependent changes of metric have been established.

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