论文标题
如何估计风险因素变化与健康结果之间的关联？
How to estimate the association between change in a risk factor and a health outcome?
论文作者
论文摘要
估计特定危险因素和慢性疾病的变化的影响需要从两个时间点开始有关危险因素的信息；注册和第一次随访。当使用观察数据研究这种暴露的影响（风险因素的变化）时，会出现额外的并发症，即时间零时（i）？ （ii）我们应该在这种类型的分析中解释哪些有关混杂因素的信息？从入学或第一次随访中？还是从两者？事实证明，这些问题的结合非常具有挑战性。研究人员采用了不同成功的方法，因为回答这些问题时做出了不同的选择引起系统的偏见。在这里，我们回顾了这些方法，并突出了每种类型的分析中的偏差来源。我们通过对分析计划提出建议来讨论每种方法的优点和局限性。
Estimating the effect of a change in a particular risk factor and a chronic disease requires information on the risk factor from two time points; the enrolment and the first follow-up. When using observational data to study the effect of such an exposure (change in risk factor) extra complications arise, namely (i) when is time zero? and (ii) which information on confounders should we account for in this type of analysis? From enrolment or the 1st follow-up? Or from both?. The combination of these questions has proven to be very challenging. Researchers have applied different methodologies with mixed success, because the different choices made when answering these questions induce systematic bias. Here we review these methodologies and highlight the sources of bias in each type of analysis. We discuss the advantages and the limitations of each method ending by making our recommendations on the analysis plan.
