论文标题

同时具有高动态范围算法,测试和仪器模拟

Simultaneous High Dynamic Range Algorithm, Testing, and Instrument Simulation

论文作者

Mason, James Paul, Seaton, Daniel B., Jones, Andrew R., Jin, Meng, Chamberlin, Phillip C., Sims, Alan, Woods, Thomas N.

论文摘要

在成像仪器的视野中,可能有许多感兴趣的观察目标。同样,在光谱仪的带通中,可能有许多兴趣的发射线。这些目标和线条的亮度可能是不同的数量级,这对仪器和任务设计构成了挑战。单一暴露可以使光线发射饱和和/或具有低信号与噪声比(SNR)的衰弱。传统的高动态范围(HDR)技术可以通过将多个持续时间的多个顺序暴露或将光线拆分为不同的传感器来解决此问题。但是,这些方法可能导致科学能力的丧失,降低观察效率或增加的复杂性和成本。本文描述的同时使用的HDR方法通过使用特殊类型的检测器来避免这些问题,该检测器可以独立地读取该区域以定义然后合成的区域,从而导致同时测量短或长时间暴露的区域。我们为太阳展示了这种技术,该技术在磁盘上明亮,淡淡的磁盘却晕倒。我们在实验室中模拟了这些条件以验证该方法。我们构建了一个仪器模拟器,以演示逼真的太阳能成像仪和输入的方法。然后,我们计算了SNRS,发现微弱的冠状质量弹出物(CME)的值为45,而对于明亮的CME,均为3.5 $ r _ {\ odot} $ - 遇到或远远超过将SNR定义为10的SNR的国际数字摄影标准,将其定义为10个为10的数字摄影和40。未来的任务应在其工具设计的贸易研究中考虑这种类型的硬件和技术。

Within an imaging instrument's field of view, there may be many observational targets of interest. Similarly, within a spectrograph's bandpass, there may be many emission lines of interest. The brightness of these targets and lines can be orders of magnitude different, which poses a challenge to instrument and mission design. A single exposure can saturate the bright emission and/or have a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) for faint emission. Traditional high dynamic range (HDR) techniques solve this problem by either combining multiple sequential exposures of varied duration or splitting the light to different sensors. These methods, however, can result in the loss of science capability, reduced observational efficiency, or increased complexity and cost. The simultaneous HDR method described in this paper avoids these issues by utilizing a special type of detector whose rows can be read independently to define zones that are then composited, resulting in areas with short or long exposure measured simultaneously. We demonstrate this technique for the sun, which is bright on disk and faint off disk. We emulated these conditions in the lab to validate the method. We built an instrument simulator to demonstrate the method for a realistic solar imager and input. We then calculated SNRs, finding a value of 45 for a faint coronal mass ejection (CME) and 200 for a bright CME, both at 3.5 $R_{\odot}$ -- meeting or far exceeding the international standard for digital photography that defines a SNR of 10 as acceptable and 40 as excellent. Future missions should consider this type of hardware and technique in their trade studies for instrument design.

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