论文标题
量子信息科学的工程耗散
Engineered Dissipation for Quantum Information Science
论文作者
论文摘要
量子信息处理依赖于在存在许多不受控制的环境自由度的情况下对非古典状态的精确控制 - 需要仔细编排相关的自由度如何与该环境相互作用。这些相互作用通常被认为是有害的，因为它们消散了能量并装饰量子状态。尽管如此，在控制时，耗散是操纵量子信息的重要工具：耗散工程可以实现量子测量，量子状态制备和量子状态稳定。量子设备技术的进步以改进特征相干时间和可扩展的量子控制结构的标志，与开发这种耗散工程工具的开发相吻合，这些工具接口量子和经典的自由度。这篇评论将耗散作为测量和控制量子设备的基本方面，并突出了耗散工程在量子误差校正和量子模拟中的作用，该量子校正和量子模拟可以在实用规模上进行量子信息处理。
Quantum information processing relies on precise control of non-classical states in the presence of many uncontrolled environmental degrees of freedom -- requiring careful orchestration of how the relevant degrees of freedom interact with that environment. These interactions are often viewed as detrimental, as they dissipate energy and decohere quantum states. Nonetheless, when controlled, dissipation is an essential tool for manipulating quantum information: Dissipation engineering enables quantum measurement, quantum state preparation, and quantum state stabilization. The progress of quantum device technology, marked by improvements of characteristic coherence times and extensible architectures for quantum control, has coincided with the development of such dissipation engineering tools which interface quantum and classical degrees of freedom. This Review presents dissipation as a fundamental aspect of the measurement and control of quantum devices and highlights the role of dissipation engineering for quantum error correction and quantum simulation that enables quantum information processing on a practical scale.
