论文标题
在一维量子多体系统中的细能层
Prethermalization in one-dimensional quantum many-body systems with confinement
论文作者
论文摘要
已经提出，具有限制性相关扩散和缓慢纠缠生长的非常规的非质量阶段已提出在具有密闭激发的系统中出现，使其热力化动力学提出质疑。在这里，我们表明，在限制系统中，量子淬灭后的热化动力学相反，表现出具有良好分开时间尺度的多个阶段。例如，我们考虑了限制的自旋链，其中有序相的域壁结合了让人联想到介子的状态。该系统首先放松朝着高pr虫的状态，由吉布斯集团和保守的梅森数字描述。青春期状态来自罕见的事件，在这些事件中，在附近创建了介子，从而导致散落事件的雪崩。只有在很久以后，才能实现真正的热平衡，其中类似于schwinger效应的机制违反了介子数量的保护。讨论的prethermalization Dynamics与具有密闭激发的通用一维多体系统直接相关
Unconventional nonequilibrium phases with restricted correlation spreading and slow entanglement growth have been proposed to emerge in systems with confined excitations, calling their thermalization dynamics into question. Here, we show that in confined systems the thermalization dynamics after a quantum quench instead exhibits multiple stages with well separated time scales. As an example, we consider the confined Ising spin chain, in which domain walls in the ordered phase form bound states reminiscent of mesons. The system first relaxes towards a prethermal state, described by a Gibbs ensemble with conserved meson number. The prethermal state arises from rare events in which mesons are created in close vicinity, leading to an avalanche of scattering events. Only at much later times a true thermal equilibrium is achieved in which the meson number conservation is violated by a mechanism akin to the Schwinger effect. The discussed prethermalization dynamics is directly relevant to generic one-dimensional, many-body systems with confined excitations
