论文标题
恩斯特·伊辛（Ernst ising）的生存以及解决他的模型的斗争
The Survival of Ernst Ising and the Struggle to Solve His Model
论文作者
论文摘要
恩斯特·伊辛（Ernst Ising）的生活以及解决用他命名的模型的步骤并行报告。威廉·伦茨（Wilhelm Lenz）建议他的学生恩斯特（Ernst）根据1920年的出版物来解释铁磁性的存在。结果于1925年发表令人失望，因为只有一个维度案件才能解决，因为缺乏铁磁主义而产生负面结果。沃尔夫冈·保利（Wolfgang Pauli）是汉堡（Hamburg）的伦茨（Lenz）的助手，同年出版了他的“非古典歧义”，后来被确定为电子的旋转和排除原则。他是1930年的Solvay会议上的第一个，介绍了我们今天所知道的Ising模型的哈密顿人。 同时，伊辛（Ising）离开了大学的研究，由于1938年的政治局势不得不离开德国并逃到卢森堡。这与损害了处理铁磁性问题的研究人员网络有关，更普遍地涉及相变和统计物理学。 1944年，即卢森堡被美军和伊辛（Ising）解放的那一年，他的家人被救出，拉尔斯·奥诺（Lars Onsager）提出了二维案件的解决方案。 1952年，陈宁在二维上解决了伊辛论文的问题。一年后，伊辛成为美国公民身份。以下发展表明，该模型也是适用于其他领域的现代物理概念的高速公路，尽管尚未达到三维中的最终精确解决方案。
The life of Ernst Ising and the steps to solving the model named after him are reported in parallel. Wilhelm Lenz suggested his student Ernst Ising to explain the existence of ferromagnetism on the basis of his publication in 1920. The result, published in 1925 was disappointing, because only the one dimensional case could be solved with a negative result about the absence of ferromagnetism. Wolfgang Pauli who was an assistant of Lenz in Hamburg published in the same year his 'nonclassical ambiguity', later identified as the spin of the electron, and the exclusion principle. He was the first - at the Solvay Conference in 1930 - to present the Hamiltonian of the Ising model as we know it today. Meanwhile Ising had left university research and due to the political situation in 1938 had to leave Germany and fled to Luxemburg. This went in hand with damaging the network of researchers dealing with the problem of ferromagnetism and more generally with phase transitions and statistical physics. In 1944, the year when Luxemburg was liberated by the American troops and Ising and his family was rescued, Lars Onsager presented a solution of the two-dimensional case. In 1952 Chen-Ning Yang solved the problem of Ising's thesis in two dimensions; one year later Ising became the US citizenship. The following development showed, that the model turned out to be a highway to modern physics concepts applicable also in other fields, although the final exact solution in three dimensions has not yet been reached.
