论文标题
公共交通的价格最佳路线
Price Optimal Routing in Public Transportation
论文作者
论文摘要
我们考虑了公共交通(POEAP)中最佳的最早到达问题,在该问题中,我们旨在计算有关门票价格和到达时间到达公共交通网络的帕累托旅行。公共交通票价结构通常是各种票价策略的结合,例如,基于距离的票价,基于区域的票价或平坦的票价。确定实际票价的规则通常非常复杂。因此,众所周知,票价结构很难建模,因为通常不足以简单地将成本分配给路由图中的ARC。对POEAP的研究很少,通常依赖于启发式方法,或者仅考虑限制性票价模型,这些模型过于限制,无法涵盖大多数真实世界应用的全部范围。因此,我们介绍有条件的票价网络(CFN),这是代表大量实际票价结构的第一个框架。我们表明,通过放松标签统治标准,CFN可以用作标签设置的多目标最短路径算法中的构建块。通过其广泛的建模功能的性质,对CFN进行优化是NP-HARD。但是,我们证明了CFN的多标准猛禽(MCRAP)算法会产生一种能够在现实世界数据集中平均在不到400毫秒的情况下求解POEAP的算法。通过限制帕累托集的大小,运行时间进一步降低至10毫秒以下。
We consider the price-optimal earliest arrival problem in public transit (POEAP) in which we aim to calculate the Pareto-set of journeys with respect to ticket price and arrival time in a public transportation network. Public transit fare structures are often a combination of various fare strategies such as, e.g., distance-based fares, zone-based fares or flat fares. The rules that determine the actual ticket price are often very complex. Accordingly, fare structures are notoriously difficult to model, as it is in general not sufficient to simply assign costs to arcs in a routing graph. Research into POEAP is scarce and usually either relies on heuristics or only considers restrictive fare models that are too limited to cover the full scope of most real-world applications. We therefore introduce conditional fare networks (CFNs), the first framework for representing a large number of real-world fare structures. We show that by relaxing label domination criteria, CFNs can be used as a building block in label-setting multi-objective shortest path algorithms. By the nature of their extensive modeling capabilities, optimizing over CFNs is NP-hard. However, we demonstrate that adapting the multi-criteria RAPTOR (MCRAP) algorithm for CFNs yields an algorithm capable of solving POEAP to optimality in less than 400 ms on average on a real-world data set. By restricting the size of the Pareto-set, running times are further reduced to below 10 ms.