论文标题
时空分级因果关系:模型
Spatio-temporally graded causality: a model
论文作者
论文摘要
在本文中,我们认为在自然世界中没有关于事件时空分离的事实。为了理解这样的概念并构建了世界上有用的模型,建议使用非古典逻辑的元素。具体而言,这里提出了一个模型,根据该模型,可以将因果关系视为时空分级。概述了如何使用模糊集理论的形式形式来描述这一点,而因果关系的程度在1之间变化,而原因与效果之间没有分离,而这是基于“台球球”模型中的基于理想的数学点的概念,这是基于经典“台球球”模型中的原因及其效应。我们的模型认为,主观的时刻就像模糊集,其扩展由当地因果关系确定,这是由于信息整合过程在时空和时间上逐渐扩展而产生的。我们认为,这就是因果关系在一定程度上与伯格森持续时间理论的变体所表达的一种因果关系的概念。还讨论了拟议的观点与其他理论的关系,以及可能针对各种问题的可能解决方案,尤其是测量问题。
In this paper we consider a claim that in the natural world there is no fact of the matter about the spatio-temporal separation of events. In order to make sense of such a notion and construct useful models of the world, it is proposed to use elements of a non-classical logic. Specifically, a model is proposed here, according to which causality can be considered to be spatio-temporally graded. It is outlined how this can be described using the formalism of fuzzy sets theory, with the degree of causality varying between 1, that is no separation between causes and effects, and 0, that is perfect separation between causes and their effects as in classical 'billiard balls' models of physical systems, namely such based on the notion of ideal mathematical point. Our model posits that subjective moments of time are like fuzzy sets, with their extension determined by local degrees of causality, resulting from information integration processes extended gradually in space and time. This, we argue, is how a notion of causality could be, to a certain degree, spared and reconciled with a variant of Bergsonian duration theory as formulated in the theory of continuous change. Relation of the proposed viewpoint to other theories, as well as possible solutions it suggests to various problems, in particular the measurement problem, are also discussed.