论文标题

恒星光环的断层扫描:恒星光环中的各向异性告诉我们什么?

Tomography of stellar halos: what does anisotropy in a stellar halo tell us?

论文作者

Pandey, Biswajit

论文摘要

众所周知,由于存在潮汐碎片和从卫星星系中积聚的潮流,因此已知银河系的恒星光环具有高度块状结构。这些子结构的丰度和分布可以提供有关银河系汇编历史的大量信息。我们使用一些信息理论措施来研究一套银河系大小的恒星光环中的各向异性,该模拟使用了混合方法耦合半分析和N体技术。我们的分析表明,每个恒星光环中的整个天际各向异性随着其中心的距离而增加,最终高原超出了一定半径。所有恒星光环都在$ \ sim 50 $ kpc的半径内具有非常平稳的结构,并且在郊区的高度各向异性结构。在给定的半径下,固定极性或方位角的各向异性具有两个不同的分量:(i)大约各向同性的成分和(ii)在小空间尺度上具有较大密度波动的成分。我们通过将恒星颗粒的极性和方位角坐标随机化,同时使其径向距离固定,从而消除了子结构的贡献和光环的任何非球形形状。我们观察到,各向异性的波动部分被完全消除,并且球形化后,各向异性的大约均匀成分显着降低。原始光环与其球形化版本之间的比较表明,各向异性的大约均匀部分源自离散性噪声和光环的非球形形状,而子结构有助于波动部分。我们表明,各向异性之间的这种区别有可能限制恒星光环及其子结构的形状。

The stellar halo of the Milky Way is known to have a highly lumpy structure due to the presence of tidal debris and streams accreted from the satellite galaxies. The abundance and distribution of these substructures can provide a wealth of information on the assembly history of the Milky Way. We use some information-theoretic measures to study the anisotropy in a set of Milky Way-sized stellar halos from the Bullock & Johnston suite of simulations that uses a hybrid approach coupling semi-analytic and N-body techniques. Our analysis shows that the whole-sky anisotropy in each stellar halo increases with the distance from its centre and eventually plateaus out beyond a certain radius. All the stellar halos have a very smooth structure within a radius of $\sim 50$ kpc and a highly anisotropic structure in the outskirts. At a given radius, the anisotropies at a fixed polar or azimuthal angle have two distinct components: (i) an approximately isotropic component and (ii) a component with large density fluctuations on small spatial scales. We remove the contributions of the substructures and any non-spherical shape of the halo by randomizing the polar and azimuthal coordinates of the stellar particles while keeping their radial distances fixed. We observe that the fluctuating part of the anisotropy is completely eliminated, and the approximately uniform component of the anisotropy is significantly reduced after the sphericalization. A comparison between the original halos and their sphericalized versions reveals that the approximately uniform part of the anisotropy originates from the discreteness noise and the non-spherical shape of the halo whereas the substructures contribute to the fluctuating part. We show that such distinction between the anisotropies has the potential to constrain the shape of the stellar halo and its substructures.

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