论文标题
发现与（22）Kalliope及其月亮Linus相关的小行星家庭的发现
Discovery of an asteroid family linked to (22) Kalliope and its moon Linus
论文作者
论文摘要
根据Ferrais等人的自适应观察，（22）Kalliope是150公里，密集和分化的身体。在这里，我们在周围环境中的身体中解释了（22）Kalliope。虽然有一个已知的月亮莱纳斯（Moon Linus），其大小比率为5：1，但文献中没有报道家庭，这与月亮的存在矛盾。使用分层聚类方法（HCM）以及物理数据，我们确定了Kalliope家族。以前，它与（7481）圣马塞洛有关。然后，我们使用了其轨道和碰撞进化的各种模型（N体，Monte-Carlo，SPH），包括母体的破裂，以估计家庭的动力时代并解决其与Linus的联系。根据我们的碰撞模型，最适合的年龄是（900+-100）我的碰撞模型，与（22）kalliope的位置一致，这是由于与木星和土星的4-1-1三体共振所致的混乱扩散所修改的。尽管我们的SPH模拟显示出各种结果，但对于卫星大小和家庭尺寸频率分布都显示出各种结果，似乎可以同时创建Linus和Kalliope家族。 （22）kalliope本身的形状很可能受到“流”重新汇总的影响，从而产生了在表面上观察到的特征山丘。如果身体分化，其内部结构肯定是不对称的。
According to adaptive-optics observations by Ferrais et al., (22) Kalliope is a 150-km, dense and differentiated body. Here, we interpret (22) Kalliope in the context of bodies in its surroundings. While there is a known moon Linus, with a 5:1 size ratio, no family has been reported in the literature, which is in contradiction with the existence of the moon. Using the hierarchical clustering method (HCM) along with physical data, we identified the Kalliope family. Previously, it was associated to (7481) San Marcello. We then used various models (N-body, Monte-Carlo, SPH) of its orbital and collisional evolution, including the break-up of the parent body, to estimate the dynamical age of the family and address its link to Linus. The best-fit age is (900+-100) My according to our collisional model, in agreement with the position of (22) Kalliope, which was modified by chaotic diffusion due to 4-1-1 three-body resonance with Jupiter and Saturn. It seems possible to create Linus and the Kalliope family at the same time, although our SPH simulations show a variety of outcomes, for both satellite size and the family size-frequency distribution. The shape of (22) Kalliope itself was most likely affected by gravitational reaccumulation of `streams', which creates characteristic hills observed on the surface. If the body was differentiated, its internal structure is surely asymmetric.
