论文标题
机理设计方法达成区块链共识
Mechanism Design Approaches to Blockchain Consensus
论文作者
论文摘要
区块链共识是网络中每个节点都同意区块链的当前状态的状态。现有协议通过竞赛或投票程序达成共识,以选择一个节点作为独裁者提出新块。但是,如果多个竞争链(即叉子)可能会选择不实叉的叉子,则此过程仍然会导致潜在的攻击,从而使共识更难达成或导致协调问题。我们探讨了用于达成共识的共识的可能性的潜力,这些机制在存在争议时会触发共识。使用节点赌注令牌在股权证明(POS)协议中的功能,我们构建了启示级机制,其中唯一(子游戏完美)平衡涉及验证节点涉及仅使用所有节点中存在的信息提出的真实块。我们在拜占庭式容错的距离和最长的链条规则下在操作和计算上的简单机制构建,并讨论它们对攻击的鲁棒性。我们的观点是,使用简单机制是区块链共识的一个未开发的领域,并且有可能减轻已知的权衡并提高可扩展性。
Blockchain consensus is a state whereby each node in a network agrees on the current state of the blockchain. Existing protocols achieve consensus via a contest or voting procedure to select one node as a dictator to propose new blocks. However, this procedure can still lead to potential attacks that make consensus harder to achieve or lead to coordination issues if multiple, competing chains (i.e., forks) are created with the potential that an untruthful fork might be selected. We explore the potential for mechanisms to be used to achieve consensus that are triggered when there is a dispute impeding consensus. Using the feature that nodes stake tokens in proof of stake (POS) protocols, we construct revelation mechanisms in which the unique (subgame perfect) equilibrium involves validating nodes propose truthful blocks using only the information that exists amongst all nodes. We construct operationally and computationally simple mechanisms under both Byzantine Fault Tolerance and a Longest Chain Rule, and discuss their robustness to attacks. Our perspective is that the use of simple mechanisms is an unexplored area of blockchain consensus and has the potential to mitigate known trade-offs and enhance scalability.