论文标题
实验证明了最佳明确的四个四分之二量子状态消除
Experimental demonstration of optimal unambiguous two-out-of-four quantum state elimination
论文作者
论文摘要
量子理论的核心原理是，非正交量子状态不能通过单发测量来完全区分。但是，在某些情况下，可以将非正交状态的子集排除在没有错误的情况下。在这里，我们实施了量子状态消除测量值，该测量明确地排除了四个纯，非正交量子状态中的两个 - 理想情况下，没有错误，单位成功概率。这是一个具有六个结果的广义量子测量，每个结果都对应于排除一对状态。我们的实验实现使用了单个光子，并使用光路和极化程度在四维状态中编码信息。准备的状态被错误地排除在$ 3.3（2）\％的时间内。
A core principle of quantum theory is that non-orthogonal quantum states cannot be perfectly distinguished with single-shot measurements. However, it is possible to exclude a subset of non-orthogonal states without error in certain circumstances. Here we implement a quantum state elimination measurement which unambiguously rules out two of four pure, non-orthogonal quantum states -- ideally without error and with unit success probability. This is a generalised quantum measurement with six outcomes, where each outcome corresponds to excluding a pair of states. Our experimental realisation uses single photons, with information encoded in a four-dimensional state using optical path and polarisation degrees of freedom. The prepared state is incorrectly ruled out up to $3.3(2)\%$ of the time.
