论文标题
关于惊人意识与计算智能之间的独立性
On the independence between phenomenal consciousness and computational intelligence
论文作者
论文摘要
意识和智力是通常被民间心理学和社会所理解的特性。人工智能一词及其在近年来设法解决的问题是一种论点,以确立机器经历某种意识。按照罗素的比喻,如果一台机器能够做一个有意识的人所做的事情,那么机器有意识的可能性就会增加。但是,这种类比的社会含义是灾难性的。具体而言,如果对可以解决神经型人可能会解决的问题的实体赋予了权利,那么机器是否有可能拥有残疾人的权利?例如,自闭症综合征障碍频谱可以使一个人无法解决机器解决的问题。我们认为明显的答案是否定的,因为解决问题并不意味着意识。因此,我们将在本文中争论,尽管它们可能会发展出与人类的更高的计算智能,但计算智力是如何独立的,至少是计算智力是独立的,为什么机器不具有惊人的意识。为了做到这一点,我们尝试制定计算智能的客观度量,并研究其在人类,动物和机器中的表现。类似地,我们将惊人的意识研究为二分变量,以及它在人,动物和机器中的分布方式。由于惊人的意识和计算智能是独立的,因此这一事实对社会具有关键意义,我们在这项工作中也分析了这一事实。
Consciousness and intelligence are properties commonly understood as dependent by folk psychology and society in general. The term artificial intelligence and the kind of problems that it managed to solve in the recent years has been shown as an argument to establish that machines experience some sort of consciousness. Following the analogy of Russell, if a machine is able to do what a conscious human being does, the likelihood that the machine is conscious increases. However, the social implications of this analogy are catastrophic. Concretely, if rights are given to entities that can solve the kind of problems that a neurotypical person can, does the machine have potentially more rights that a person that has a disability? For example, the autistic syndrome disorder spectrum can make a person unable to solve the kind of problems that a machine solves. We believe that the obvious answer is no, as problem solving does not imply consciousness. Consequently, we will argue in this paper how phenomenal consciousness and, at least, computational intelligence are independent and why machines do not possess phenomenal consciousness, although they can potentially develop a higher computational intelligence that human beings. In order to do so, we try to formulate an objective measure of computational intelligence and study how it presents in human beings, animals and machines. Analogously, we study phenomenal consciousness as a dichotomous variable and how it is distributed in humans, animals and machines. As phenomenal consciousness and computational intelligence are independent, this fact has critical implications for society that we also analyze in this work.