论文标题
“是的,它确实有一个... Windows`98 Vibe'':可编程逻辑控制器中安全功能的可用性研究
"Yeah, it does have a...Windows `98 Vibe'': Usability Study of Security Features in Programmable Logic Controllers
论文作者
论文摘要
可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)推动对社会至关重要的工业过程,例如水处理和分配,电力和燃料网络。搜索引擎(例如Shodan)强调说,可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)通常会暴露于Internet上,这是安全设置的错误配置的主要原因之一。这导致了一个问题 - 为什么这些错误的配置会发生,具体而言,安全控制的可用性是否发挥作用?迄今为止,尚未研究配置PLC安全机制的可用性。我们通过基于任务的研究和随后的半结构访谈(n = 19)介绍了第一次调查。我们探讨了PLC连接配置和两个关键安全机制的可用性(即访问级别和用户管理)。我们发现,使用不熟悉的标签,布局和误导性术语加剧了已经复杂的配置安全机制的过程。我们的结果发现了对安全控制的各种(错误)的看法以及设计约束(例如安全性和缺乏定期更新(由于这种系统的长期性质))如何为实现现代HCI和可用性原则的实现提供了重大挑战。基于这些发现,我们提供了设计建议,以在工业环境中与其IT同行提供可用的安全性。
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) drive industrial processes critical to society, e.g., water treatment and distribution, electricity and fuel networks. Search engines (e.g., Shodan) have highlighted that Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are often left exposed to the Internet, one of the main reasons being the misconfigurations of security settings. This leads to the question -- why do these misconfigurations occur and, specifically, whether usability of security controls plays a part? To date, the usability of configuring PLC security mechanisms has not been studied. We present the first investigation through a task-based study and subsequent semi-structured interviews (N=19). We explore the usability of PLC connection configurations and two key security mechanisms (i.e., access levels and user administration). We find that the use of unfamiliar labels, layouts and misleading terminology exacerbates an already complex process of configuring security mechanisms. Our results uncover various (mis-) perceptions about the security controls and how design constraints, e.g., safety and lack of regular updates (due to long term nature of such systems), provide significant challenges to realization of modern HCI and usability principles. Based on these findings, we provide design recommendations to bring usable security in industrial settings at par with its IT counterpart.