论文标题
谷物和等离子体的温度
Temperatures in Grains and Plasma
论文作者
论文摘要
谷物被广泛认为是以单个温度为特征的 - 源自构型熵或采用动力学理论。然而，粒状媒体确实有两个温度，$ t_g $和$ t $，与谷物和原子有关。在这里认为，与分子气体相比，两个温度的血浆对晶粒产生的类比更为有用：（1）〜不可逆的碰撞也发生在血浆中，以达到相等温度的平衡。 （2）〜在两个温度下，等离子体能量不是线性的；它在温度差中是二次的，在平衡下最小。这两个要点在晶粒中具有有效的类似物，从而产生有用的见解。
Grains are widely assumed to be characterized by a single temperature -- derived either from the configurational entropy, or employing the kinetic theory. Yet granular media do have two temperatures, $T_g$ and $T$, pertaining to the grains and atoms. It is argued here that a two-temperature plasma yields a more useful analogy for grains than a molecular gas: (1)~Irreversible collisions also occur in plasma, to reach the equilibrium of equal temperature. (2)~The plasma energy is not linear in the two temperatures; it is quadratic in the temperature difference, minimal at equilibrium. Both points have valid analogues in grains, yielding useful insights.
