论文标题

关于利用不完美的观察者的几乎纯净的意图欺骗计划

On Almost-Sure Intention Deception Planning that Exploits Imperfect Observers

论文作者

Fu, Jie

论文摘要

意图欺骗涉及计算一项策略,该战略欺骗对手对代理人的意图或客观的错误信念。本文研究了一类概率的计划问题和意图欺骗,并研究了攻击者如何利用防御者有限的感应方式来实现其攻击目标,几乎可以肯定(概率一个),同时隐藏了其意图。特别是,我们将攻击计划建模为以马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)为模型的随机系统。攻击者将到达某些目标状态,同时避免系统中的不安全状态,并知道他的行为是由有部分观察的后卫监测的。鉴于对辩护人的部分状态观察,我们开发了定性意图欺骗计划算法,这些算法构建了攻击策略,以分别对抗动作可见的辩护人和动作无关的防守者。合成的攻击策略不仅确保了攻击目标几乎可以肯定地满足了攻击目标,还欺骗了防守者,认为观察到的行为是由普通/合法用户产生的,因此未能检测到攻击的存在。我们显示所提出的算法是正确且完整的,并用示例说明了欺骗性的计划方法。

Intention deception involves computing a strategy which deceives the opponent into a wrong belief about the agent's intention or objective. This paper studies a class of probabilistic planning problems with intention deception and investigates how a defender's limited sensing modality can be exploited by an attacker to achieve its attack objective almost surely (with probability one) while hiding its intention. In particular, we model the attack planning in a stochastic system modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). The attacker is to reach some target states while avoiding unsafe states in the system and knows that his behavior is monitored by a defender with partial observations. Given partial state observations for the defender, we develop qualitative intention deception planning algorithms that construct attack strategies to play against an action-visible defender and an action-invisible defender, respectively. The synthesized attack strategy not only ensures the attack objective is satisfied almost surely but also deceives the defender into believing that the observed behavior is generated by a normal/legitimate user and thus failing to detect the presence of an attack. We show the proposed algorithms are correct and complete and illustrate the deceptive planning methods with examples.

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