论文标题

NeuralFMU:提出一个将混合神经台整合到现实世界应用中的工作流程

NeuralFMU: Presenting a workflow for integrating hybrid NeuralODEs into real world applications

论文作者

Thummerer, Tobias, Stoljar, Johannes, Mikelsons, Lars

论文摘要

Neuralode一词描述了人工神经网络(ANN)和用于普通微分方程(ODES)的数值求解器的结构组合,前者是要解决的颂歌的右侧。黑盒模型以功能模型单元(FMU)的形式进一步扩展了这一概念,以获得名为NeuralFMus的神经台阶的子类。最终的结构具有一个单个模拟模型中第一原则和数据驱动建模方法的优点:与常规的第一原理模型(FPM)相比,预测准确性更高,而与纯粹的数据驱动模型相比,培训工作也更低。我们提出了一个直观的工作流程,以设置和使用NeuralFMU,从而可以封装和重用从通用建模工具导出的现有常规模型。此外,我们通过在汽车纵向动力学模型(VLDM)中部署神经FMU来体现这一概念,这是汽车行业中典型的用例。在科学用例中经常忽略的相关挑战,例如实际测量(例如噪声),未知的系统状态或高频不连续性,在此贡献中得到了处理。为了构建比原始FPM更高的预测质量的混合模型,我们简要介绍了两个开源库:FMI.JL用于将FMU集成到Julia编程环境中,并扩展了该库称为Fmiflux.jl,允许将FMUS整合到Neural网络拓扑中,以最终获得Neuralf。

The term NeuralODE describes the structural combination of an Artifical Neural Network (ANN) and a numerical solver for Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), the former acts as the right-hand side of the ODE to be solved. This concept was further extended by a black-box model in the form of a Functional Mock-up Unit (FMU) to obtain a subclass of NeuralODEs, named NeuralFMUs. The resulting structure features the advantages of first-principle and data-driven modeling approaches in one single simulation model: A higher prediction accuracy compared to conventional First Principle Models (FPMs), while also a lower training effort compared to purely data-driven models. We present an intuitive workflow to setup and use NeuralFMUs, enabling the encapsulation and reuse of existing conventional models exported from common modeling tools. Moreover, we exemplify this concept by deploying a NeuralFMU for a consumption simulation based on a Vehicle Longitudinal Dynamics Model (VLDM), which is a typical use case in automotive industry. Related challenges that are often neglected in scientific use cases, like real measurements (e.g. noise), an unknown system state or high-frequent discontinuities, are handled in this contribution. For the aim to build a hybrid model with a higher prediction quality than the original FPM, we briefly highlight two open-source libraries: FMI.jl for integrating FMUs into the Julia programming environment, as well as an extension to this library called FMIFlux.jl, that allows for the integration of FMUs into a neural network topology to finally obtain a NeuralFMU.

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