论文标题
量子时钟，重力时间扩张和量子干扰
Quantum Clocks, Gravitational Time Dilation, and Quantum Interference
论文作者
论文摘要
引入量子时钟的适当时间，发现一个时钟在另一个时钟上读取的适当时间读取了另一个时钟，读取不同的适当时间按照特殊的相对论运动时间扩张来遵守经典的时间扩张。在这里，我们将此提案扩展到弱重力场，以研究弱等效原理是否对量子物质持有。我们发现，对于一般量子，弱重力场中的量子时间扩张遵守经典相对性中类似的引力时间扩张。但是，与特殊的相对论案例不同，时间膨胀涉及外部时间（地球上观察者的背景坐标时间）以及两个时钟的适当时间。我们还研究了一个时钟在动量空间或位置空间中定位的波数据包中的时钟引起的量子时间扩张效应，并提出设置以观察时间扩张中量子干扰效应中的重力效应。
A proper time observable for a quantum clock is introduced and it is found that the proper time read by one clock conditioned on another clock reading a different proper time obeys classical time dilation in accordance with special relativistic kinematical time dilation. Here, we extend this proposal to a weak gravitational field in order to investigate whether the weak equivalence principle holds for quantum matter. We find that for general quantum states the quantum time dilation in a weak gravitational field obeys a similar gravitational time dilation found in classical relativity. However, unlike the special relativistic case, the time dilation involves the external time (a background coordinate time at the observer on the Earth) as well as the proper times of two clocks. We also investigate a quantum time dilation effect induced by a clock in a superposition of wave packets localized in momentum space or in position space and propose the setup to observe the gravitational effect in the quantum interference effect in the time dilation.
