论文标题
探测起泡介质中声速和衰减的压力依赖性:实验观察,理论模型和数值计算
Probing the pressure dependence of sound speed and attenuation in bubbly media: Experimental observations, a theoretical model and numerical calculations
论文作者
论文摘要
衰减和起泡介质的声速仍然部分尚未解决。关于压力依赖性变化的衰减和气泡介质的声速变化的全面数据。我们对问题的理论理解仅限于线性或半线性理论模型,这些模型在大幅度气泡振荡的状态下并不准确。在这里,通过控制脂质涂层气泡的大小(平均直径为〜5.4UM),我们报告了首次观察和表征声速和衰减在低于MBS共振(频率范围之间)(在1-3MHz之间)的气速和衰减的同时压力依赖性。随着声压的增加(在12.5-100kpa之间),衰减和音速峰的频率降低,而声速的最大和最小幅度则增加。我们提出了一个非线性模型,用于估计压力依赖性的声速和与实验良好一致的衰减。通过与线性和半线性模型预测进行比较来验证模型计算。先前开发的模型的主要挑战之一是在较高的空隙部分(例如0.005)处的气泡共振处的衰减显着高估。我们通过结合气泡 - 泡沫相互作用并将结果与实验进行比较来解决这个问题。气泡相互作用的影响随压力增加而增加。在检查的曝光参数中,我们从数值上表明,即使对于低空空隙部分(例如5.1*10-6),随着压力的增加,声速也可能比非肥大介质中的音速高4倍。
The problem of attenuation and sound speed of bubbly media has remained partially unsolved. Comprehensive data regarding pressure-dependent changes of the attenuation and sound speed of a bubbly medium are not available. Our theoretical understanding of the problem is limited to linear or semi-linear theoretical models, which are not accurate in the regime of large amplitude bubble oscillations. Here, by controlling the size of the lipid coated bubbles (mean diameter of ~5.4um), we report the first time observation and characterization of the simultaneous pressure dependence of sound speed and attenuation in bubbly water below, at and above MBs resonance (frequency range between 1-3MHz). With increasing acoustic pressure (between 12.5-100kPa), the frequency of the attenuation and sound speed peaks decreases while maximum and minimum amplitudes of the sound speed increase. We propose a nonlinear model for the estimation of the pressure dependent sound speed and attenuation with good agreement with the experiments. The model calculations are validated by comparing with the linear and semi-linear models predictions. One of the major challenges of the previously developed models is the significant overestimation of the attenuation at the bubble resonance at higher void fractions (e.g. 0.005). We addressed this problem by incorporating bubble-bubble interactions and comparing the results to experiments. Influence of the bubble-bubble interactions increases with increasing pressure. Within the examined exposure parameters, we numerically show that, even for low void fractions (e.g. 5.1*10-6) with increasing pressure the sound speed may become 4 times higher than the sound speed in the non-bubbly medium.