论文标题
RF转换器：统一的反向散射无线电硬件抽象
RF-Transformer: A Unified Backscatter Radio Hardware Abstraction
论文作者
论文摘要
本文介绍了RF-Transformer，这是一种统一的反向散射无线电硬件抽象，允许低功率IoT设备以最小的功率消耗直接与异质无线接收器进行通信。与针对特定无线通信协议量身定制的现有反向散射系统不同，RF-Transformer为微控制器提供了可编程接口，允许IoT设备合成不同类型的符合协议兼容的背景信号，共享从根本上不同的Phy layer设计。为了显示我们设计的功效，我们在2.4 GHz ISM频段上实现了RF转换器的PCB原型，并在生成标准的Zigbee，Bluetooth，Lora和Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/g/n/n/ac Packet上展示了其功能。我们广泛的现场研究表明，当产生标准的Wi-Fi，Zigbee，bluetooth和Lora信号时，RF-Transformer可实现23.8 Mbps，247.1 Kbps，986.5 Kbps和27.3 kbps吞吐量，而消耗7.6-74.的动力比其活跃的功能少于其活跃的代码量。我们基于65 nm CMOS过程的ASIC模拟表明，RF转换器的功率增益可以进一步增长至92-678。我们进一步将RF转换器与压力传感器整合在一起，并提出了一个有关检测走廊中人体交通密度的案例研究。我们为期7天的案例研究表明，RFTransFormer可以通过在Wi-Fi信号上合成Lora数据包来可靠地将传感器数据传输到商品网关。我们的实验结果还验证了RF转化器与商品接收器的兼容性。代码和硬件原理图可在以下网址找到：https：//github.com/lefscc/rf-transformer。
This paper presents RF-Transformer, a unified backscatter radio hardware abstraction that allows a low-power IoT device to directly communicate with heterogeneous wireless receivers at the minimum power consumption. Unlike existing backscatter systems that are tailored to a specific wireless communication protocol, RF-Transformer provides a programmable interface to the micro-controller, allowing IoT devices to synthesize different types of protocol-compliant backscatter signals sharing radically different PHY-layer designs. To show the efficacy of our design, we implement a PCB prototype of RF-Transformer on 2.4 GHz ISM band and showcase its capability on generating standard ZigBee, Bluetooth, LoRa, and Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n/ac packets. Our extensive field studies show that RF-Transformer achieves 23.8 Mbps, 247.1 Kbps, 986.5 Kbps, and 27.3 Kbps throughput when generating standard Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, and LoRa signals while consuming 7.6-74.2 less power than their active counterparts. Our ASIC simulation based on the 65-nm CMOS process shows that the power gain of RF-Transformer can further grow to 92-678. We further integrate RF-Transformer with pressure sensors and present a case study on detecting foot traffic density in hallways. Our 7-day case studies demonstrate RFTransformer can reliably transmit sensor data to a commodity gateway by synthesizing LoRa packets on top of Wi-Fi signals. Our experimental results also verify the compatibility of RF-Transformer with commodity receivers. Code and hardware schematics can be found at: https://github.com/LeFsCC/RF-Transformer.
