论文标题
瞳孔：设计区块链的框架，实际上是可以使用的工作和vanitycoin
PUPoW: A framework for designing blockchains with practically-useful-proof-of-work & vanitycoin
论文作者
论文摘要
比特币是同类产品中的第一个，是真正的分散和匿名的加密货币。为了实现这一目标，它使用“工作证明”（POW）的概念开发了区块链技术。负责编写事务数据库的矿工的节点解决了一个加密难题，以声称将写入数据库的权利。尽管比特币和许多其他相关的加密货币（例如以太币使用革命性思想），但主要批评涉及计算资源和能源消耗以解决否则没有用的难题。有尝试使用POW做一些有用的事情，通常称为使用证明（POUW）。在本文中，我们试图（i）使Pouw更有用 - 描述中心问题设置者如何将他们的工作作为Pouw和（ii）以真正的区块链精神为中心，将问题设定器的作用分散，我们称之为难题。我们提出了一个正式的框架来做到这一点，即pupow。 Pupow内置了从拼图者到解决难题的矿工的付款。此外，矿工还可以选择不依靠难题的连续进料，而是使用原始的POW难题。 我们还提出了一种使用pupow来解决TOR VANITY URL产生和比特币虚假地址生成问题的方法。我们将此私人区块链解决的梳妆台地址生成问题称为vantycoin。这两个问题都需要从私钥中生成公共钥匙，以使结果的地址引起人们的关注。这种关键对仅通过蛮力搜索才能找到。但是，存在隐私问题，矿工会知道难题的私钥。我们通过拆分私钥来解决这一问题，矿工只知道其中的一部分。总而言之，我们提出了如何使POW实际上有帮助，我们认为Pow Blockchains生存需要采取这种方法。
Bitcoin is the first of its kind, a truly decentralized and anonymous cryptocurrency. To realize it, it has developed blockchain technology using the concept of `Proof of Work' (PoW). The miners, nodes responsible for writing transaction databases, solve a cryptographic puzzle to claim the right to write to the database. Though bitcoin and many other relevant cryptocurrencies, such as ether use revolutionary ideas, the main criticism involves computing resources and energy consumption to solve puzzles that have otherwise no use. There are attempts to use the PoW to do something useful, commonly referred to as Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW). In this paper, we attempt to (i) make PoUW more usable -- describe how a central problem setter can crowdsource their work as PoUW and (ii) in the true spirit of blockchains, decentralize the role of problem setter, whom we call puzzlers. We propose a formal framework to do so, namely PUPoW. PUPoW has an inbuilt provision of payments from the puzzler to the miner who solves its puzzle. Additionally, miners have the option to not rely on a continuous feed of the puzzles and instead use original PoW puzzles. We also propose a way to use PUPOW for solving TOR vanity URL generation and bitcoin vanity address generation problems. We call this PUPoW blockchain solving vanity address generation problems as VanityCoin. Both problems require generating public keys from private keys such that resultant addresses are of interest. Such key pairs are found only by a brute-force search. However, there are privacy concerns that miners would know the private keys of the puzzlers. We resolve this by splitting the private keys, and the miners would know only one part of it. In summary, we are proposing how PoW can be made practically helpful, and we believe such an approach is needed for PoW blockchains to survive.
